Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjiang, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):163-177. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.53671. eCollection 2021.
Cellular communication can be mediated by the exchange of biological information, mainly in the form of proteins and RNAs. This can occur when extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, secreted by a donor cell are internalized by an acceptor cell. Exosomes bear specific repertoires of proteins and RNAs, indicating the existence of mechanisms that control the sorting of molecules into them. Knowledge about loadings and processes and mechanisms of cargo sorting of exosomes is essential to shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of these vesicles as well as on clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with exosome secretion and their specific cargo sorting, with special attention to the sorting of RNAs and proteins, and thus the outcome and the emerging therapeutic opportunities of the communication between the exosome-producer and recipient cells.
细胞间通讯可以通过生物信息的交换来介导，主要形式是蛋白质和 RNA。当供体细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡（如外泌体）被受体细胞内化时，就会发生这种情况。外泌体携带特定的蛋白质和 RNA 谱，表明存在控制分子分选进入其中的机制。了解外泌体的装载和货物分选的过程和机制对于揭示这些囊泡的生理和病理功能以及涉及它们的使用和/或分析的临床应用至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论与外泌体分泌及其特定货物分选相关的分子机制，特别关注 RNA 和蛋白质的分选，从而探讨外泌体产生细胞与受体细胞之间通讯的结果和新兴治疗机会。
