Mechatronics Engineering Department/NanoLab, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247, Amman, 11180, Jordan.
Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
J Clin Monit Comput. 2021 May;35(3):453-462. doi: 10.1007/s10877-020-00481-3. Epub 2020 Feb 22.
The respiration rate (RR) is a vital sign in physiological measurement and clinical diagnosis. RR can be measured using stretchable and wearable strain gauge sensors which detect the respiratory movements in the abdomen or thorax areas caused by volumetric changes. In different body locations, the accuracy of RR detection might differ due to different respiratory movement amplitudes. Few studies have quantitatively investigated the effect of the measurement location on the accuracy of new sensors in RR detection. Using a stretchable and wearable inkjet-printed strain gauge (IPSG) sensor, RR was measured from five body locations (umbilicus, upper abdomen, xiphoid process, upper thorax, and diagonal) on 30 healthy test subjects while sitting on an armless chair. At each location, reference RR was simultaneously detected by the e-Health sensor, and the measurement was repeated twice. Subjects were asked about the comfortableness of locations. Based on Levene's test, ANOVA was performed to investigate if there is a significant difference in RR between sensors, measurement locations, and two repeated measurements. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to the RR measurements at different locations. The effects of measurement site and measurement trials on RR difference between sensors were also investigated. There was no significant difference between IPSG and reference sensors, between any locations, and between the two measurements (all p > 0.05). As to the RR deviation between IPSG and reference sensors, there was no significant difference between any locations, or between two measurements (all p > 0.05). All the 30 subjects agreed that diagonal and upper thorax positions were the most uncomfortable and most comfortable locations for measurement, respectively. The IPSG sensor could accurately detect RR at five different locations with good repeatability. Upper thorax was the most comfortable location.
呼吸率（RR）是生理测量和临床诊断中的一个重要生命体征。RR 可以使用可拉伸和可穿戴应变计传感器来测量，这些传感器可以检测由于体积变化引起的腹部或胸部区域的呼吸运动。在不同的身体位置，由于呼吸运动幅度的不同，RR 检测的准确性可能会有所不同。很少有研究定量研究测量位置对新传感器 RR 检测准确性的影响。使用可拉伸和可穿戴喷墨打印应变计（IPSG）传感器，在 30 名健康测试对象坐在无臂椅子上时，从五个身体部位（脐部、上腹部、胸骨柄、上胸部和对角线）测量 RR。在每个位置，同时通过电子健康传感器检测参考 RR，并重复测量两次。要求测试对象评价各位置的舒适度。基于莱文检验，进行方差分析以调查传感器、测量位置和两次重复测量之间 RR 是否存在显著差异。在不同位置对 RR 测量值进行 Bland-Altman 分析。还研究了测量部位和测量试验对传感器之间 RR 差异的影响。IPSG 和参考传感器之间、任何位置之间以及两次测量之间均无显著差异（均 p＞0.05）。至于 IPSG 和参考传感器之间的 RR 偏差，任何位置之间或两次测量之间均无显著差异（均 p＞0.05）。所有 30 名测试对象均认为对角线和上胸部位置是最不舒服和最舒适的测量位置。IPSG 传感器可以在五个不同位置以良好的可重复性准确检测 RR。上胸部是最舒适的位置。
