Sood Utkarsh, Gupta Vipin, Kumar Roshan, Lal Sukanya, Fawcett Derek, Rattan Supriya, Poinern Gerrard Eddy Jai, Lal Rup
PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India.
2Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India.
Indian J Microbiol. 2020 Mar;60(1):2-11. doi: 10.1007/s12088-019-00785-2. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Sustainable poultry practices are needed to maintain an adequate supply of poultry products to the increasing human population without compromising human wellbeing. In order to achieve the understanding of the core microbiome that assumes an imperative role in digestion, absorption, and assimilation of feed as well as restrict the growth of pathogenic strains, a proper meta-data survey is required. The dysbiosis of the core microbiome or any external infection in chickens leads to huge losses in the poultry production worldwide. Along with this, the consumption of infected meat also impacts on human health as chicken meat is a regular staple in many diets as a vital source of protein. To tackle these losses, sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics are being used as a feed additive along with other conventional approaches including selective breeding and modulation in feed composition. Altogether, these conventional approaches have improved the yield and quality of poultry products, however, the use of antibiotics encompasses the risk of developing multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains that can be harmful to human beings. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the chicken microbiome in order to modulate chicken gut microbiome and provide alternatives to the conventional methods. Although there is now emerging literature available on some of these important microbiome aspects, in this article, we have analysed the relevant recent developments in understanding the chicken gut microbiome including the establishment of integrated gene catalogue for chicken microbiome. We have also focussed on novel strategies for the development of a chicken microbial library that can be used to develop novel microbial consortia as novel probiotics to improve the poultry meat production without compromising human health. Thus, it can be an alternative and advanced step compared to other conventional approaches to improve the gut milieu and pathogen-mediated loss in the poultry industry.
需要可持续的家禽养殖方式，以在不损害人类福祉的情况下，为不断增长的人口维持充足的家禽产品供应。为了了解在饲料消化、吸收和同化过程中发挥重要作用的核心微生物群，并限制致病菌株的生长，需要进行适当的元数据调查。鸡的核心微生物群失调或任何外部感染都会导致全球家禽生产的巨大损失。与此同时，食用受感染的鸡肉也会影响人类健康，因为鸡肉是许多饮食中常见的主食，是重要的蛋白质来源。为了解决这些损失，除了包括选择性育种和调整饲料成分在内的其他传统方法外，还将亚治疗剂量的抗生素用作饲料添加剂。总的来说，这些传统方法提高了家禽产品的产量和质量，然而，抗生素的使用存在产生对多种药物耐药的致病菌株的风险，这些菌株可能对人类有害。因此，迫切需要了解鸡的微生物群，以便调节鸡的肠道微生物群，并为传统方法提供替代方案。尽管现在已经有一些关于这些重要微生物群方面的文献出现，但在本文中，我们分析了在理解鸡肠道微生物群方面的相关最新进展，包括建立鸡微生物群的综合基因目录。我们还专注于开发鸡微生物文库的新策略，该文库可用于开发新型微生物群落作为新型益生菌，以提高家禽肉产量，同时不损害人类健康。因此，与其他传统方法相比，这可以是改善家禽业肠道环境和病原体介导损失的一种替代且先进的步骤。
