Atowa Uchenna Chigozirim, Wajuihian Samuel Otabor, Munsamy Alvin Jeffery
Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Int J Ophthalmol. 2020 Feb 18;13(2):309-316. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.02.16. eCollection 2020.
To assess the influence of near work, time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba, Nigeria.
Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba. Information on family history, near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye. Data were analysed for 1197 (male: 538 and female: 659) children with full relevant data.
Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia [odds ratio (OR): 6.80; 95%CI, 2.76-16.74; <0.01) for one myopic parent and (OR: 9.47; 95%CI, 3.88-23.13; <0.01) for two myopic parents, longer daily reading hour (OR: 1.21; 95%CI, 1.03-1.42; =0.02) and less time outdoors (OR: 0.8; 95%CI, 0.74-0.87; <0.01).
Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia. In addition, children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent. It is recommended therefore, that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.
评估近距离工作、户外活动时间及父母近视对尼日利亚阿巴地区学龄儿童近视患病率的影响。
从阿巴地区12所学校中随机招募8至15岁的中小学生。使用近视风险因素问卷获取有关家族史、近距离工作和户外活动的信息。采用自动验光技术进行睫状肌麻痹验光。近视定义为较差眼的等效球镜度（SER）≤ -0.50 D。对1197名（男：538名，女：659名）有完整相关数据的儿童进行数据分析。
近视发生风险与父母近视呈正相关[一位近视父母的比值比（OR）：6.80；95%置信区间（CI），2.76 - 16.74；<0.01]，两位近视父母的（OR：9.47；95%CI，3.88 - 23.13；<0.01），每日阅读时间越长（OR：1.21；95%CI，1.03 - 1.42；=0.02）以及户外活动时间越少（OR：0.8；95%CI，0.74 - 0.87；<0.01）。
父母近视史是与近视相关的最重要风险因素。此外，父母双方均近视的儿童患近视的几率高于父母一方近视的儿童。因此，建议儿童增加户外活动时间，因为这可能会降低近视的患病率和进展。
