Chen Min, Wu Aimin, Zhang Lina, Wang Wei, Chen Xinyi, Yu Xiaoning, Wang Kaijun
Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul 3;18(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0829-8.
Myopia is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children and young adults. Multiple epidemiological studies have confirmed a high prevalence of myopia in Asian countries. However, fewer longitudinal studies have been performed to evaluate the secular changes in the prevalence of myopia, especially high myopia in China. In the present study, we investigated trends in the prevalence of myopia among high school students in Fenghua city, eastern China, from 2001 to 2015.
This was a population-based, retrospective study. Data were collected among 43,858 third-year high school students. Noncycloplegic autorefraction was used to determine refractive error, which was defined as low myopia, moderate myopia, high myopia and very high myopia according to the spherical equivalent from the worse eye of each participant. The prevalence of myopia was calculated and the annual percentage change (APC) was used to quantify the time trends. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS, Stata and Graphpad Prism software.
From 2001 to 2015, the prevalence of overall myopia increased from 79.5% to 87.7% (APC =0.59%), with a significant increase of moderate myopia (38.8% to 45.7%, APC = 0.78%), high myopia (7.9% to 16.6%, APC = 5.48%) and very high myopia (0.08% to 0.92%, APC = 14.59%), while the prevalence of low myopia decreased from 32.7% to 24.4% (APC = - 1.73%). High myopia and very high myopia contributed the major part of the increasing trend of myopia prevalence (contribution rate 27.00% and 69.07%, respectively).
During the 15-year period, there was a remarkable increase in the prevalence of high and very high myopia among high school students, which might become a serious public health problem in China for the next few decades.
近视是儿童和青年可预防失明的主要原因。多项流行病学研究证实亚洲国家近视患病率很高。然而，较少有纵向研究评估近视患病率的长期变化，尤其是中国的高度近视。在本研究中，我们调查了2001年至2015年中国东部奉化市高中生近视患病率的趋势。
这是一项基于人群的回顾性研究。收集了43858名高三学生的数据。使用非散瞳自动验光来确定屈光不正，根据每个参与者较差眼的等效球镜度将其定义为低度近视、中度近视、高度近视和超高度近视。计算近视患病率并使用年度百分比变化（APC）来量化时间趋势。所有分析均使用SPSS、Stata和Graphpad Prism软件进行。
2001年至2015年，总体近视患病率从79.5%增至87.7%（APC = 0.59%），中度近视显著增加（从38.8%增至45.7%，APC = 0.78%），高度近视（从7.9%增至16.6%，APC = 5.48%）和超高度近视（从0.08%增至0.92%，APC = 14.59%），而低度近视患病率从32.7%降至24.4%（APC = -1.73%）。高度近视和超高度近视是近视患病率上升趋势的主要组成部分（贡献率分别为27.00%和69.07%）。
在这15年期间，高中生中高度和超高度近视患病率显著增加，这可能在未来几十年成为中国严重的公共卫生问题。
