MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Sep;20(9):566-578. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0281-x. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
The influx and efflux of cells and antigens to and from the draining lymph nodes largely take place through the subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinus systems. Recent analyses in mice and humans have revealed unexpected diversity in the lymphatic endothelial cells, which form the distinct regions of the sinuses. As a semipermeable barrier, the lymphatic endothelial cells regulate the sorting of lymph-borne antigens to the lymph node parenchyma and can themselves serve as antigen-presenting cells. The leukocytes entering the lymph node via the sinus system and the lymphocytes egressing from the parenchyma migrate through the lymphatic endothelial cell layer. The sinus lymphatic endothelial cells also orchestrate the organogenesis of lymph nodes, and they undergo bidirectional signalling with other sinus-resident cells, such as subcapsular sinus macrophages, to generate a unique lymphatic niche. In this Review, we consider the structural and functional basis of how the lymph node sinus system coordinates immune responses under physiological conditions, and in inflammation and cancer.
细胞和抗原从引流淋巴结的流入和流出主要通过被膜下窦、皮质窦和髓质窦系统发生。最近在小鼠和人类中的分析揭示了淋巴管内皮细胞的出乎意料的多样性，这些细胞形成了窦的不同区域。作为半透性屏障，淋巴管内皮细胞调节淋巴源性抗原向淋巴结实质的分拣，并且自身可以作为抗原呈递细胞。通过窦系统进入淋巴结的白细胞和从实质中迁出的淋巴细胞穿过淋巴管内皮细胞层迁移。窦淋巴管内皮细胞还协调淋巴结的器官发生，并且它们与其他窦内驻留细胞（如被膜下窦巨噬细胞）进行双向信号传递，以产生独特的淋巴管龛。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了在生理条件下以及在炎症和癌症中，淋巴结窦系统如何协调免疫反应的结构和功能基础。
