Toralova Tereza, Kinterova Veronika, Chmelikova Eva, Kanka Jiri
Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Aug;77(16):3177-3194. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03482-2. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
The degradation of maternally provided molecules is a very important process during early embryogenesis. However, the vast majority of studies deals with mRNA degradation and protein degradation is only a very little explored process yet. The aim of this article was to summarize current knowledge about the protein degradation during embryogenesis of mammals. In addition to resuming of known data concerning mammalian embryogenesis, we tried to fill the gaps in knowledge by comparison with facts known about protein degradation in early embryos of non-mammalian species. Maternal protein degradation seems to be driven by very strict rules in terms of specificity and timing. The degradation of some maternal proteins is certainly necessary for the normal course of embryonic genome activation (EGA) and several concrete proteins that need to be degraded before major EGA have been already found. Nevertheless, the most important period seems to take place even before preimplantation development-during oocyte maturation. The defects arisen during this period seems to be later irreparable.
母体提供的分子的降解是早期胚胎发育过程中一个非常重要的过程。然而，绝大多数研究都集中在mRNA降解上，而蛋白质降解仍是一个很少被探索的过程。本文的目的是总结目前关于哺乳动物胚胎发育过程中蛋白质降解的知识。除了总结有关哺乳动物胚胎发育的已知数据外，我们还试图通过与非哺乳动物早期胚胎中蛋白质降解的已知事实进行比较来填补知识空白。母体蛋白质降解在特异性和时间方面似乎受非常严格的规则驱动。某些母体蛋白质的降解对于胚胎基因组激活（EGA）的正常进程肯定是必要的，并且已经发现了几种在主要EGA之前需要降解的具体蛋白质。然而，最重要的时期似乎甚至在植入前发育之前——在卵母细胞成熟期间就已发生。在此期间出现的缺陷似乎后来无法修复。
