Bodenhausen G V
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1117.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Nov;55(5):726-37. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.726.
Two information-processing mechanisms that could potentially contribute to judgmental discrimination against the members of stereotyped social groups were examined in two experiments, using a mock juror decision-making task. Both postulated mechanisms involve biased processing of judgment-relevant evidence. The interpretation hypothesis asserts that the activation of stereotypic concepts influences the perceived probative implications of other evidence. The selective processing hypothesis asserts that stereotype-consistent evidence is processed more extensively than is inconsistent evidence. Judgment and memory data from the first experiment supported the general notion that stereotype-based discrimination emerges from biased evidence processing. The specific pattern of results supported selective processing rather than interpretation biases as the critical process underlying observed judgmental discrimination. The second experiment corroborated this conclusion by showing that a manipulation that prevents selective processing of the evidence effectively eliminated biases in judgments and recall pertaining to stereotyped targets. Implications for a general understanding of stereotyping and discrimination are discussed.
在两项实验中，使用模拟陪审员决策任务，研究了两种可能导致对刻板印象社会群体成员进行判断性歧视的信息处理机制。两种假定机制都涉及对与判断相关证据的有偏差处理。解释假设认为，刻板印象概念的激活会影响对其他证据的感知证明意义。选择性处理假设认为，与刻板印象一致的证据比不一致的证据得到更广泛的处理。第一个实验的判断和记忆数据支持了这样一种普遍观点，即基于刻板印象的歧视源于有偏差的证据处理。具体的结果模式支持选择性处理而非解释偏差是观察到的判断性歧视背后的关键过程。第二个实验通过表明一种阻止对证据进行选择性处理的操作有效地消除了与刻板印象目标相关的判断和回忆中的偏差，从而证实了这一结论。讨论了对刻板印象和歧视的一般理解的影响。
