Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada.
Eastern Townships Public Health Department, Sherbrooke, QC J1H1R3, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 25;17(5):1463. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051463.
In July 2013, a train carrying crude oil derailed in Lac-Mégantic (Canada). This disaster provoked a major fire, 47 deaths, the destruction of 44 buildings, a massive evacuation, and an unparalleled oil spill. Since 2013, Public Health has undertaken several actions to address this challenging situation, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Community-based surveys were conducted in Lac-Mégantic in 2014, 2015 and 2018. The first two surveys showed persistent and widespread health needs. Inspired by a salutogenic approach, Public Health has shifted its focus from health protection to health promotion. In 2016, a Day of Reflection was organized during which a map of community assets and an action plan for the community recovery were co-constructed with local stakeholders. The creation of an Outreach Team is an important outcome of this collective reflection. This team aims to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity. Several promising initiatives arose from the action plan-all of which greatly contributed to mobilize the community. Interestingly, the 2018 survey suggests that the situation is now evolving positively. This case study stresses the importance of recognizing community members as assets, rather than victims, and seeking a better balance between health protection and health promotion approaches.
2013 年 7 月，一列载有原油的火车在拉梅吉尼克（加拿大）脱轨。这场灾难引发了一场大火，造成 47 人死亡，44 座建筑物被毁，大规模疏散和史无前例的石油泄漏。自 2013 年以来，公共卫生部门采取了多项行动来应对这一具有挑战性的情况，使用了定量和定性方法。2014 年、2015 年和 2018 年在拉梅吉尼克进行了基于社区的调查。前两次调查显示存在持续广泛的健康需求。受健康促进方法的启发，公共卫生已将重点从健康保护转移到健康促进。2016 年，组织了一次反思日，在此期间与当地利益相关者共同制定了社区资产图和社区恢复行动计划。外展团队的创建是这次集体反思的重要成果。该团队旨在增强弹性和适应能力。行动计划中提出了一些有希望的倡议——所有这些都为动员社区做出了巨大贡献。有趣的是，2018 年的调查表明，目前情况正在好转。这个案例研究强调了将社区成员视为资产而不是受害者的重要性，并寻求在健康保护和健康促进方法之间取得更好的平衡。
