Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 6;11:116. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00116. eCollection 2020.
Recent years have seen a revolution in our understanding of how cells of the immune system are modulated and regulated not only via complex interactions with other immune cells, but also through a range of potent derived from diverse and varied biological systems. Within complex tissue environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung, these systems act to orchestrate and temporally align immune responses, regulate cellular function, and ensure tissue homeostasis and protective immunity. Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC3s) are key sentinels of barrier tissue homeostasis and critical regulators of host-commensal mutualism-and respond rapidly to damage, inflammation and infection to restore tissue health. Recent findings place ILC3s as strategic integrators of environmental signals. As a consequence, ILC3s are ideally positioned to detect perturbations in cues derived from the environment-such as the diet and microbiota-as well as signals produced by the host nervous, endocrine and circadian systems. Together these cues act in concert to induce ILC3 effector function, and form critical sensory circuits that continually function to reinforce tissue homeostasis. In this review we will take a holistic, organismal view of ILC3 biology and explore the tissue sensory circuits that regulate ILC3 function and align ILC3 responses with changes within the intestinal environment.
近年来，我们对免疫系统细胞的调节和控制方式有了革命性的认识，这些细胞不仅通过与其他免疫细胞的复杂相互作用进行调节，还通过一系列源自不同生物系统的强效介质进行调节。在复杂的组织环境中，如胃肠道和肺部，这些系统能够协调和调整免疫反应、调节细胞功能，并确保组织的内稳态和保护性免疫。第三组先天淋巴细胞（ILC3）是屏障组织内稳态的关键哨兵，也是宿主共生相互关系的关键调节剂——它们能够迅速对损伤、炎症和感染作出反应，以恢复组织健康。最近的研究结果将 ILC3 置于环境信号的战略整合者的位置。因此，ILC3 非常适合检测来自环境（如饮食和微生物群）的提示以及宿主神经系统、内分泌系统和昼夜节律系统产生的信号的变化。这些提示共同作用，诱导 ILC3 的效应功能，并形成关键的感觉回路，不断加强组织的内稳态。在这篇综述中，我们将从整体的、机体的角度来探讨 ILC3 生物学，并探索调节 ILC3 功能的组织感觉回路，以及将 ILC3 反应与肠道环境中的变化联系起来的回路。
