Crosetto Nicola, Bienko Magda
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Genet. 2020 Feb 12;11:33. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00033. eCollection 2020.
In eukaryotic cells, most of the genetic material is contained within a highly specialized organelle-the nucleus. A large body of evidence indicates that, within the nucleus, chromatinized DNA is spatially organized at multiple length scales. The higher-order organization of chromatin is crucial for proper execution of multiple genome functions, including DNA replication and transcription. Here, we review our current knowledge on the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus of mammalian cells, focusing in particular on how chromatin is radially arranged with respect to the nuclear lamina. We then discuss the possible mechanisms by which the radial organization of chromatin in the cell nucleus is established. Lastly, we propose a unifying model of nuclear spatial organization, and suggest novel approaches to test it.
在真核细胞中，大部分遗传物质包含在一个高度特化的细胞器——细胞核内。大量证据表明，在细胞核内，染色质化的DNA在多个长度尺度上进行空间组织。染色质的高阶组织对于包括DNA复制和转录在内的多种基因组功能的正确执行至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于哺乳动物细胞核中染色质空间组织的知识，特别关注染色质相对于核纤层的径向排列方式。然后，我们讨论了细胞核中染色质径向组织得以建立的可能机制。最后，我们提出了一个统一的核空间组织模型，并提出了检验该模型的新方法。
