Brás M Manuela, Radmacher Manfred, Sousa Susana R, Granja Pedro L
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Feb 11;8:54. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00054. eCollection 2020.
Skin is the largest organ of the human body with several important functions that can be impaired by injury, genetic or chronic diseases. Among all skin diseases, melanoma is one of the most severe, which can lead to death, due to metastization. Mechanotransduction has a crucial role for motility, invasion, adhesion and metastization processes, since it deals with the response of cells to physical forces. Signaling pathways are important to understand how physical cues produced or mediated by the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), affect healthy and tumor cells. During these processes, several molecules in the nucleus and cytoplasm are activated. Melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and the ECM, play a crucial role in melanoma formation. This manuscript will address the synergy among melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts cells and the ECM considering their mechanical contribution and relevance in this disease. Mechanical properties of melanoma cells can also be influenced by pigmentation, which can be associated with changes in stiffness. Mechanical changes can be related with the adhesion, migration, or invasiveness potential of melanoma cells promoting a high metastization capacity of this cancer. Mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and mechanoresponse will be highlighted with respect to the motility, invasion, adhesion and metastization in melanoma cancer.
皮肤是人体最大的器官，具有多种重要功能，但可能因损伤、遗传或慢性疾病而受损。在所有皮肤疾病中，黑色素瘤是最严重的疾病之一，由于转移，它可能导致死亡。机械转导在运动、侵袭、黏附和转移过程中起着关键作用，因为它涉及细胞对物理力的反应。信号通路对于理解细胞外基质（ECM）产生或介导的物理信号如何影响健康细胞和肿瘤细胞非常重要。在这些过程中，细胞核和细胞质中的几种分子被激活。黑素细胞、角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞和ECM在黑色素瘤形成中起着关键作用。本手稿将探讨黑素细胞、角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞和ECM之间的协同作用，考虑它们在这种疾病中的机械作用和相关性。黑色素瘤细胞的机械特性也可能受到色素沉着的影响，色素沉着可能与硬度变化有关。机械变化可能与黑色素瘤细胞的黏附、迁移或侵袭潜力有关，从而促进这种癌症的高转移能力。将重点介绍黑色素瘤癌症中运动、侵袭、黏附和转移方面的机械传感、机械转导和机械反应。
