Maschewsky-Schneider U, Greiser E, Helmert U
Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, Bremen.
Soz Praventivmed. 1988;33(3):173-80. doi: 10.1007/BF02078426.
Women live longer than men - are they healthier than men or do they live better than men? Morbidity data indicate that men and women differ regarding the types of illnesses they undergo. The life-expectancy for females is not the only indicator for a better or healthier life. Women feel more affected by health problems than man (indicators a.o.: complaints, handicaps to daily activities, use of medication). Objective morbidity data are insufficient but indicate significant disease occurrence in women (indicators a.o.: contacts with the physicians, self-reported history of diseases). Based on epidemiological studies the hypotheses of biological protective factors have not been proved or refuted. Women have a lower CVD-risk factor profile than men. Cluster analyses of the first Bremen health survey separated women into four groups related to health behaviour and risk status. The group with the highest risk factor prevalence had also the most social and family stress. For further research about women we have to work on epidemiological data as well as on qualitative and theoretical research on women and health.
女性比男性寿命更长——她们比男性更健康还是生活得更好？发病率数据表明，男性和女性所患疾病的类型有所不同。女性的预期寿命并非衡量生活更美好或更健康的唯一指标。女性比男性更易受到健康问题的影响（指标包括：不适、日常活动受限、药物使用）。客观的发病率数据并不充分，但表明女性中存在显著的疾病发生率（指标包括：与医生的接触、自我报告的疾病史）。基于流行病学研究，尚未证实或反驳生物保护因素的假说。女性的心血管疾病风险因素状况低于男性。不来梅首次健康调查的聚类分析将女性分为与健康行为和风险状况相关的四组。风险因素患病率最高的组也承受着最多的社会和家庭压力。为了进一步研究女性，我们必须致力于流行病学数据以及关于女性与健康的定性和理论研究。
