Bashamakha Ghazi, Bin Sumait Hesham, Bashamakha Mohamed, Al Serouri Abdulwahed, Khader Yousef
Yemen Ministry of Health, Yemen Field Epidemiology, Tareem City, Hadramout, Yemen.
Hadramout Valley and Desert Oncology Center, Seiyun City, Hadramout, Yemen.
Int J Prev Med. 2019 Oct 9;10:161. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_251_17. eCollection 2019.
The incidence of breast cancer is on rise in low- and middle-income countries as populations increasingly adopt western lifestyles. Studies on risk factors of cancers including breast cancer are lacking in Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk factors of breast cancer among women registered at Hadramout Valley and Desert Oncology Center (HVDOC).
A case-control study was conducted at HVDOC, Yemen. All women who were registered in HVDOC and diagnosed with breast cancer and confirmed by histopathology during 2011-2015 were selected as cases. Age-matched controls were selected from women who underwent mammography in HVDOC during 2011-2015 and were confirmed to be free of breast cancer. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire and clinical data were abstracted from the medical records.
A total of 105 patients and 210 controls were included in this study. About 70.5% of cases and 72.4% of control were 50 years old or younger. Compared with married women, divorced women had higher odds of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2]. The odds of breast cancer was higher for women who had never breastfed a child (OR = 1.7). Having hypertension (OR = 2.5), family history of malignancy (OR = 2.4), and postmenopausal status (OR = 2.0) were significantly associated with higher odds of breast cancer in multivariate analysis.
The main risk factors for breast cancer among women in Yemen are divorced marital status, never breastfed a child, having hypertension, family history of malignancy, and postmenopause. Regular screening especially among women with high risk is needed.
随着中低收入国家的人口越来越多地采用西方生活方式，乳腺癌的发病率正在上升。也门缺乏对包括乳腺癌在内的癌症危险因素的研究。因此，本研究旨在确定在哈德拉毛特山谷和沙漠肿瘤中心（HVDOC）登记的女性中乳腺癌的危险因素。
在也门的HVDOC进行了一项病例对照研究。所有在2011年至2015年期间在HVDOC登记并经组织病理学确诊为乳腺癌的女性被选为病例。年龄匹配的对照从2011年至2015年期间在HVDOC接受乳腺X线摄影且确诊无乳腺癌的女性中选取。使用半结构化问卷收集数据，并从医疗记录中提取临床数据。
本研究共纳入105例患者和210例对照。约70.5%的病例和72.4%的对照年龄在50岁及以下。与已婚女性相比，离婚女性患乳腺癌的几率更高[比值比（OR）=2.2]。从未哺乳过孩子的女性患乳腺癌的几率更高（OR = 1.7）。在多变量分析中，患有高血压（OR = 2.5）、有恶性肿瘤家族史（OR = 2.4）和绝经后状态（OR = 2.0）与患乳腺癌的较高几率显著相关。
也门女性乳腺癌的主要危险因素是离婚婚姻状况、从未哺乳过孩子、患有高血压、有恶性肿瘤家族史和绝经后。需要定期进行筛查，尤其是在高危女性中。
