Prosa Mario, Bolognesi Margherita, Fornasari Lucia, Grasso Gerardo, Lopez-Sanchez Laura, Marabelli Franco, Toffanin Stefano
Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
Plasmore s.r.l., viale Vittorio Emanuele II 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Mar 7;10(3):480. doi: 10.3390/nano10030480.
In the last decade, biochemical sensors have brought a disruptive breakthrough in analytical chemistry and microbiology due the advent of technologically advanced systems conceived to respond to specific applications. From the design of a multitude of different detection modalities, several classes of sensor have been developed over the years. However, to date they have been hardly used in point-of-care or in-field applications, where cost and portability are of primary concern. In the present review we report on the use of nanostructured organic and hybrid compounds in optoelectronic, electrochemical and plasmonic components as constituting elements of miniaturized and easy-to-integrate biochemical sensors. We show how the targeted design, synthesis and nanostructuring of organic and hybrid materials have enabled enormous progress not only in terms of modulation and optimization of the sensor capabilities and performance when used as active materials, but also in the architecture of the detection schemes when used as structural/packing components. With a particular focus on optoelectronic, chemical and plasmonic components for sensing, we highlight that the new concept of having highly-integrated architectures through a system-engineering approach may enable the full expression of the potential of the sensing systems in real-setting applications in terms of fast-response, high sensitivity and multiplexity at low-cost and ease of portability.
在过去十年中，由于旨在响应特定应用的先进技术系统的出现，生化传感器在分析化学和微生物学领域带来了颠覆性突破。多年来，从众多不同检测方式的设计出发，已开发出几类传感器。然而，迄今为止，它们在即时检测或现场应用中几乎未得到使用，而在这些应用中，成本和便携性是首要关注点。在本综述中，我们报告了纳米结构有机化合物和混合化合物在光电、电化学和等离子体组件中作为小型化且易于集成的生化传感器组成元素的应用情况。我们展示了有机材料和混合材料的靶向设计、合成及纳米结构化不仅在用作活性材料时对传感器功能和性能的调制与优化方面取得了巨大进展，而且在用作结构/封装组件时对检测方案架构方面也取得了巨大进展。特别关注用于传感的光电、化学和等离子体组件，我们强调通过系统工程方法实现高度集成架构的新概念，可能使传感系统在实际应用中能够充分发挥其潜力，实现快速响应、高灵敏度和多重检测，同时具备低成本和便于携带的特点。
