Müller-Putz Gernot R
Institute for Neural Engineering, Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;168:249-262. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63934-9.00018-4.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) was invented almost 100 years ago and is still a method of choice for many research questions, even applications-from functional brain imaging in neuroscientific investigations during movement to real-time applications like brain-computer interfacing. This chapter gives some background information on the establishment and properties of the EEG. This chapter starts with a closer look at the sources of EEG at a micro or neuronal level, followed by recording techniques, types of electrodes, and common EEG artifacts. Then an overview on EEG phenomena, namely, spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials build the middle part of this chapter. The last part discusses brain signals, which are used in current BCI research, including short descriptions and examples of applications.
脑电图（EEG）发明于近100年前，至今仍是许多研究问题甚至应用的首选方法，从运动过程中神经科学研究中的功能性脑成像到脑机接口等实时应用。本章提供了一些关于脑电图的建立及其特性的背景信息。本章首先深入探讨微观或神经元层面脑电图的来源，接着介绍记录技术、电极类型和常见的脑电图伪迹。然后，对脑电图现象，即自发脑电图和事件相关电位的概述构成了本章的中间部分。最后一部分讨论了当前脑机接口研究中使用的脑信号，包括简短描述和应用示例。
