School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2020 Nov;79:100849. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100849. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Extracellular vesicles (EV), which include exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted from virtually every cell. EV contain mRNA, miRNA, lipids and proteins and can deliver this expansive cargo into nearby cells as well as over long distances via the blood stream. Great interest has been given to them for their role in cell to cell communication, disease progression, or as biomarkers, and more recent studies have interrogated their potential as a therapeutic that may replace paracrine-acting cell therapies. The retina is a conveniently accessible component of the central nervous system and the proposed paradigm for the testing of many cell therapies. Recently, several studies have been published demonstrating that the delivery of EV/exosomes into the eye can elicit significant therapeutic effects in several models of retinal disease. We summarize results from currently available studies, demonstrating their efficacy in multiple eye disease models as well as highlighting where future research efforts should be directed.
细胞外囊泡（EV）包括外泌体和微囊泡，几乎从所有细胞中分泌出来。EV 包含 mRNA、miRNA、脂质和蛋白质，并可将这种广泛的货物传递到附近的细胞，也可通过血液流远距离传递。由于它们在细胞间通讯、疾病进展或作为生物标志物中的作用，人们对它们产生了极大的兴趣，最近的研究还探讨了它们作为治疗方法的潜力，可能取代旁分泌作用的细胞治疗。视网膜是中枢神经系统中一个方便获取的组成部分，也是许多细胞治疗方法的测试的既定范例。最近，有几项研究表明，将 EV/外泌体递送到眼睛中，可以在几种视网膜疾病模型中引发显著的治疗效果。我们总结了目前可用研究的结果，证明它们在多种眼部疾病模型中的疗效，并强调了未来研究工作的方向。
