Chong C W, Alkatheeri A H S, Ali N, Tay Z H, Lee Y L, Paramasivam S J, Jeevaratnam K, Low W Y, Lim S H E
1School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.
2Health Science Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Gut Pathog. 2020 Mar 10;12:14. doi: 10.1186/s13099-020-00352-x. eCollection 2020.
The rise of nature-based ecotourism in the past decade has introduced unprecedented challenges in managing the increasing interaction between humans and animals. The potential transmission of antibiotic resistant microbes between humans and non-human primate populations is a concern due to their genetic similarity. Malaysia is well known for hotspots of wildlife diversity where non-human primates like monkeys and orangutans have become popular tourist attractions. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant species, and other Enterobacteriaceae in the faeces of human (HS) and two non-human primates (NHP) in Malaysia, the Long-tailed macaque ( MF) and Silvered leaf monkey ( TC). In addition, the faecal bacterial composition was profiled to evaluate the potential association between antibiotic resistant profiles and composition of gut microbiota.
We tested the isolated bacteria using a selection of antibiotics. The results showed that both the number of antibiotic resistant strains and resistance level were higher in humans than NHPs. Overall, the composition of gut microbiome and pattern of antibiotic resistance showed that there was higher similarity between MF and TC, the two NHPs, than with HS. In addition, samples with higher levels of antibiotic resistance showed lower bacterial richness. had the lowest bacterial diversity and yet it had higher abundance of . In contrast, NHPs displayed higher bacterial richness and greater prevalence of Firmicutes such as and
Higher antibiotic susceptibility in NHPs is likely related to low direct exposure to antibiotics. The lack of resistance may also suggest limited antimicrobial resistance transmission between humans and NHP. Nonetheless, continued monitoring over a long period will help mitigate the risk of anthropozoonosis and zooanthroponosis.
在过去十年中，基于自然的生态旅游兴起，给管理人与动物之间日益增加的互动带来了前所未有的挑战。由于人类与非人类灵长类种群在基因上具有相似性，抗生素耐药微生物在二者之间的潜在传播令人担忧。马来西亚以野生动物多样性热点地区而闻名，猴子和猩猩等非人类灵长类动物已成为热门旅游景点。在本研究中，我们评估了马来西亚人类（HS）以及两种非人类灵长类动物（NHP），即长尾猕猴（MF）和银叶猴（TC）粪便中抗菌耐药菌及其他肠杆菌科细菌的流行情况。此外，对粪便细菌组成进行了分析，以评估抗生素耐药谱与肠道微生物群组成之间的潜在关联。
我们使用多种抗生素对分离出的细菌进行了测试。结果表明，人类中抗生素耐药菌株的数量和耐药水平均高于非人类灵长类动物。总体而言，肠道微生物组的组成和抗生素耐药模式显示，两种非人类灵长类动物MF和TC之间的相似性高于它们与人类HS之间的相似性。此外，抗生素耐药水平较高的样本细菌丰富度较低。 细菌多样性最低，但 的丰度较高。相比之下，非人类灵长类动物表现出更高的细菌丰富度，且厚壁菌门（如 ）的流行率更高。
非人类灵长类动物较高的抗生素敏感性可能与它们直接接触抗生素的机会较少有关。缺乏耐药性也可能表明人类与非人类灵长类动物之间的抗菌耐药性传播有限。尽管如此，长期持续监测将有助于降低人畜共患病和人兽共患病的风险。
