Bar Assaf, Cohen Smadar
The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Feb 27;8:126. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00126. eCollection 2020.
Heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) due to blockage of coronary arteries is a major public health issue. MI results in massive loss of cardiac muscle due to ischemia. Unfortunately, the adult mammalian myocardium presents a low regenerative potential, leading to two main responses to injury: fibrotic scar formation and hypertrophic remodeling. To date, complete heart transplantation remains the only clinical option to restore heart function. In the last two decades, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac regeneration. Tissue engineering aims to target processes associated with MI, including cardiomyogenesis, modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and fibrosis. Tissue engineering dogmas suggest the utilization and combination of two key components: bioactive molecules and biomaterials. This chapter will present current therapeutic applications of biomaterials in cardiac regeneration and the challenges still faced ahead. The following biomaterial-based approaches will be discussed: Nano-carriers for cardiac regeneration-inducing biomolecules; corresponding matrices for their controlled release; injectable hydrogels for cell delivery and cardiac patches. The concept of combining cardiac patches with controlled release matrices will be introduced, presenting a promising strategy to promote endogenous cardiac regeneration.
由于冠状动脉阻塞导致的心肌梗死后心力衰竭（HF）是一个重大的公共卫生问题。心肌梗死由于缺血导致心肌大量丧失。不幸的是，成年哺乳动物心肌的再生潜力较低，导致对损伤的两种主要反应：纤维化瘢痕形成和肥厚性重塑。迄今为止，全心脏移植仍然是恢复心脏功能的唯一临床选择。在过去二十年中，组织工程已成为促进心脏再生的一种有前景的方法。组织工程旨在针对与心肌梗死相关的过程，包括心肌生成、细胞外基质（ECM）重塑的调节和纤维化。组织工程的原则建议利用和组合两个关键成分：生物活性分子和生物材料。本章将介绍生物材料在心脏再生中的当前治疗应用以及仍然面临的挑战。将讨论以下基于生物材料的方法：用于诱导心脏再生生物分子的纳米载体；用于其控释的相应基质；用于细胞递送的可注射水凝胶和心脏贴片。将介绍将心脏贴片与控释基质相结合的概念，这是一种促进内源性心脏再生的有前景的策略。
