Safarpour Hamid, Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud, Mohammadi Reza
Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chin J Traumatol. 2020 Apr;23(2):113-121. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.02.005. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Comparison of effective road safety approaches with those of relatively similar countries can be used to identify possibilities for safety improvement. Since there is no clear and comprehensive study of countries' current and successful approaches to road safety in the world, the aim of this study was to identifying common road safety approaches in the world.
This study was performed using scoping review and thematic analysis. The study followed the approach proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. In this study all articles were selected without time limit by searching in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase. An initial search of 5612 papers was found and finally, 20 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
There were different road safety approaches in different countries around the world, which were classified in three themes: traditional approach, systemic approach, and vision zero. The traditional approach includes the sub-theme of the road-user approach, and the causal approach. The systemic approach also includes sub-themes of sustainable safety, safety system, and the United Nations plan for decade of action.
A systemic approach to road safety seems to be welcomed by most developed and developing countries, and a paradigm shift towards a safe system has taken place. Also, given the successful results of implementing vision zero in leading countries, most countries are trying to design and implement this approach. Finally, the choice and implementation of road safety approaches varies according to the principles, priorities and infrastructure of each country.
将有效的道路安全方法与相对类似国家的方法进行比较，可用于确定安全改进的可能性。由于目前世界上尚无对各国道路安全现行及成功方法的清晰全面研究，本研究旨在确定全球常见的道路安全方法。
本研究采用范围综述和主题分析方法。该研究遵循阿克西和奥马利提出的方法。在本研究中，通过在以下数据库中搜索，不限时间地选择所有文章：科学网、PubMed、Scopus、ProQuest和Embase。初步检索发现5612篇论文，最终，20篇论文符合纳入标准并进行了分析。
世界不同国家存在不同的道路安全方法，这些方法分为三个主题：传统方法、系统方法和零愿景。传统方法包括道路使用者方法和因果方法子主题。系统方法还包括可持续安全、安全系统和联合国十年行动计划子主题。
道路安全的系统方法似乎受到大多数发达国家和发展中国家的欢迎，并且已经发生了向安全系统的范式转变。此外，鉴于领先国家实施零愿景的成功结果，大多数国家都在尝试设计和实施这种方法。最后，道路安全方法的选择和实施因每个国家的原则、优先事项和基础设施而异。
