Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 23;12(3):859. doi: 10.3390/nu12030859.
New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.
在过去几十年中，人们对肠道微生物群及其与宿主代谢调节的相互作用有了新的认识。有几个因素可能会影响肠道微生物群的组成，包括膳食纤维。膳食纤维不能被人体消化酶水解，但会被肠道微生物作用，产生短链脂肪酸等代谢产物。短链脂肪酸可能被吸收到循环中，影响宿主的代谢调节，或者成为其他微生物的底物。一些研究表明，增加肠道来源的短链脂肪酸可以提高胰岛素敏感性、体重调节和减轻炎症，所有这些都可能降低患代谢性疾病的风险。然而，膳食纤维的饮食干预在多大程度上可能影响人类肠道微生物群，从而影响代谢调节，目前还没有很好的描述。本综述的目的是总结最近关于人类随机对照干预研究的研究，这些研究调查了膳食纤维对肠道微生物群和代谢调节的影响。代谢调节是根据与血糖调节和脂质代谢有关的标志物来讨论的。综上所述，本综述所依据的论文表明，膳食纤维有可能改变肠道微生物群并改变代谢调节。然而，由于研究的异质性，仍然难以得出关于肠道微生物群和代谢调节之间因果关系的明确结论。
