Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
FMDUP, BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Apr;109:110557. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110557. Epub 2019 Dec 23.
The clinical demand for bone scaffolds as an alternative strategy for bone grafting has increased exponentially and, up to date, numerous formulations have been proposed to regenerate the bone tissue. However, most of these structures lack at least one of the fundamental/ideal properties of these materials (e.g., mechanical resistance, interconnected porosity, bioactivity, biodegradability, etc.). In this work, we developed innovative composite scaffolds, based on crosslinked chitosan with glutaraldehyde (GA), combined with different atomized calcium phosphates (CaP) granules - hydroxyapatite (HA) or biphasic mixtures of HA and β - tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), with improved biomechanical behavior and enhanced biological response. This innovative combination was designed to improve the scaffolds' functionality, in which GA improved chitosan mechanical strength and stability, whereas CaP granules enhanced the scaffolds' bioactivity and osteoblastic response, further reinforcing the scaffolds' structure. The biological assessment of the composite scaffolds showed that the specimens with 0.2% crosslinking were the ones with the best biological performance. In addition, the inclusion of biphasic granules induced a trend for increase osteogenic activation, as compared to the addition of HA granules. In conclusion, scaffolds produced in the present work, both with HA granules or the biphasic ones, and with low concentrations of GA, have shown adequate properties and enhanced biological performance, being potential candidates for application in bone tissue engineering.
临床对骨支架作为骨移植替代策略的需求呈指数级增长，迄今为止，已经提出了许多配方来再生骨组织。然而，这些结构中的大多数至少缺乏这些材料的基本/理想特性之一（例如，机械阻力、相互连通的孔隙率、生物活性、可生物降解性等）。在这项工作中，我们开发了基于交联壳聚糖与戊二醛（GA）的新型复合支架，结合了不同雾化的磷酸钙（CaP）颗粒-羟基磷灰石（HA）或 HA 和 β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）的双相混合物，具有改善的生物力学性能和增强的生物学反应。这种创新的组合旨在提高支架的功能，其中 GA 提高了壳聚糖的机械强度和稳定性，而 CaP 颗粒增强了支架的生物活性和成骨细胞反应，进一步增强了支架的结构。对复合支架的生物学评估表明，交联度为 0.2%的样品具有最佳的生物学性能。此外，与添加 HA 颗粒相比，添加双相颗粒诱导了成骨激活增加的趋势。总之，本工作制备的支架，无论是含有 HA 颗粒还是双相颗粒，以及含有低浓度 GA 的支架，都表现出了适当的性能和增强的生物学性能，是应用于骨组织工程的潜在候选材料。
