Sánchez-Marzo Noelia, Pérez-Sánchez Almudena, Barrajón-Catalán Enrique, Castillo Julián, Herranz-López María, Micol Vicente
Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
Nutrafur S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego, km.2, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Mar 20;9(3):255. doi: 10.3390/antiox9030255.
Overexposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major cause of a variety of cutaneous disorders, including sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancers. UVB radiation (290-320 nm) causes multiple forms of DNA damage, p53 induction, protein and lipid oxidation, and the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, botanicals containing polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as skin photoprotective agents have emerged. This study evaluated the protective effects of two formulations against UVB-induced damage in a skin cell model. One of the formulations (F2) contained a combination of citrus and olive extracts and the other one (F1) also contained a rosemary extract. The antioxidant capacity of both formulations was estimated by different in vitro methods, and the cell viability, intracellular ROS generation, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage were studied in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Both formulations exerted photoprotective effects on skin cells and decreased mitochondrial depolarization and DNA damage. F1 which contained iridoids, rosemary diterpenes, glycosides and aglycones of citrus flavanones, and monohydroxylated flavones exhibited higher cellular photoprotective effects and mitochondrial membrane potential restoration, as well as an enhanced capacity to decrease DNA double strand breaks and the DNA damage response. In contrast, F2, which contained mostly iridoids, citrus flavanone aglycones, and mono- and dihydroxylated flavones, exhibited a higher capacity to decrease intracellular ROS generation and radical scavenging capacity related to metal ion chelation. Both formulations showed a similar capability to decrease the number of apoptotic cells upon UVB radiation. Based on our results and those of others, we postulate that the stronger capacity of F1 to protect against UVB-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes is related to the presence of rosemary diterpenes and citrus flavanone aglycones. Nevertheless, the presence of the dihydroxylated flavones in F2 may contribute to inhibiting the generation of metal-related free radicals. To confirm the efficacy of these formulations as potential candidates for oral/topical photoprotection, human trials are required to circumvent the limitations of the cellular model.
过度暴露于太阳紫外线（UV）辐射是多种皮肤疾病的主要原因，包括晒伤、光老化和皮肤癌。UVB辐射（290 - 320纳米）会导致多种形式的DNA损伤、p53诱导、蛋白质和脂质氧化以及有害活性氧（ROS）的产生。近年来，含有具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的多酚类植物提取物作为皮肤光保护剂应运而生。本研究在皮肤细胞模型中评估了两种配方对UVB诱导损伤的保护作用。其中一种配方（F2）含有柑橘和橄榄提取物的组合，另一种配方（F1）还含有迷迭香提取物。通过不同的体外方法评估了两种配方的抗氧化能力，并在UVB照射的人角质形成细胞中研究了细胞活力、细胞内ROS产生、线粒体去极化和DNA损伤。两种配方均对皮肤细胞发挥了光保护作用，并减少了线粒体去极化和DNA损伤。含有环烯醚萜、迷迭香二萜、柑橘黄酮的糖苷和苷元以及单羟基黄酮的F1表现出更高的细胞光保护作用和线粒体膜电位恢复能力，以及增强的减少DNA双链断裂和DNA损伤反应的能力。相比之下，主要含有环烯醚萜类、柑橘黄酮苷元以及单羟基和二羟基黄酮的F2表现出更高的减少细胞内ROS产生的能力以及与金属离子螯合相关的自由基清除能力。两种配方在UVB辐射后减少凋亡细胞数量的能力相似。基于我们和其他人的研究结果，我们推测F1在保护人角质形成细胞免受UVB诱导的DNA损伤方面更强的能力与迷迭香二萜和柑橘黄酮苷元的存在有关。然而，F2中双羟基黄酮的存在可能有助于抑制与金属相关的自由基的产生。为了证实这些配方作为口服/局部光保护潜在候选物的功效，需要进行人体试验以规避细胞模型的局限性。
