Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Mar 30;22(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03279-w.
Compared to other road users, ambulance drivers are at a higher accident risk while driving with warning lights and sirens. No standard exists for training or education for emergency medical service employees driving ambulances. Training programs should positively influence knowledge. However, knowledge gain can be influenced by several different factors. This study developed a knowledge test for ambulance drivers to determine influencing factors on knowledge and its gain by simulator-based training.
Two parallel knowledge test forms with 20 questions each were designed in several steps and tested on up to 174 participants. Questionnaires were used to study associated and influencing factors, such as objective experience, subjective attitudes, personality, motivation and demographic data.
Test construction showed good overall parallelism of the two tests as well as reliability and sensitivity. There was no correlation between subjective and objective knowledge gain, but participants with higher subjective knowledge gain showed a higher variation in objective knowledge. Younger age, higher qualification, higher number of license classes, fewer traffic violations, and more traffic safety trainings were positively associated with knowledge, whereas less yearly driving mileage, more traffic safety trainings, and higher risk sensitivity positively influenced knowledge gain through the training.
Knowledge and its gain through training are very low. Reasons for the lack of predictive power of some variables, such as motivation, personality and attitudes, are discussed. This study presents a new tool for testing knowledge on driving with warning lights and sirens. It shows the need for objective testing and for further research in this special area.
与其他道路使用者相比，救护车司机在配备警示灯和警笛行驶时发生事故的风险更高。目前，尚无针对驾驶救护车的紧急医疗服务人员的培训或教育标准。培训计划应积极影响知识。但是，知识的获取可能会受到几个不同因素的影响。本研究开发了一项针对救护车司机的知识测试，以确定通过基于模拟器的培训对知识及其获取产生影响的因素。
通过几个步骤设计了两个具有 20 个问题的平行知识测试形式，并对多达 174 名参与者进行了测试。调查问卷用于研究相关和影响因素，例如客观经验、主观态度、人格、动机和人口统计学数据。
测试构建显示两个测试的整体平行度良好，且具有可靠性和敏感性。主观知识和客观知识的获取之间没有相关性，但是主观知识获取较高的参与者在客观知识上的变化更大。年轻的年龄、更高的资格、更多的驾照等级、更少的交通违法行为和更多的交通安全培训与知识呈正相关，而每年的驾驶里程较少、更多的交通安全培训和更高的风险敏感度则通过培训对知识获取产生积极影响。
知识及其通过培训获得的知识水平非常低。讨论了一些变量（例如动机、人格和态度）缺乏预测能力的原因。本研究提供了一种测试配备警示灯和警笛行驶的知识的新工具。它表明需要进行客观测试，并需要在该特殊领域进行进一步研究。
