Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 16;222(1):9-16. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa161.
As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults from 2010 to 2018.
Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63.
In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified during the 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children <5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range, 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type.
Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population.
作为家庭流感疫苗评估（HIVE）研究的一部分，2010 年至 2018 年，已在儿童和成人中发现急性呼吸道感染（ARI）。
每年，有 890 至 1441 人被跟踪，并每周联系以报告 ARI。在患病期间采集的标本用于检测人类冠状病毒（HCoV）OC43、229E、HKU1 和 NL63 型。
在 8 年期间，共发现 993 例 HCoV 感染，其中 OC43 最为常见，229E 最为少见。HCoV 仅在有限的时间内被检测到，即 12 月至 4/5 月，且在 1/2 月达到高峰。感染频率最高的是<5 岁的儿童（18/100 人年），年龄较大的人群变化不大（7-11/100 人年）。总体而言，9%的成人病例和 20%的儿童病例与医疗咨询有关。在 993 例感染中，有 260 例是从感染的家庭接触者中获得的。从指数病例到家庭获得性病例的间隔时间范围为 3.2-3.6 天，且各型的继发感染风险范围为 7.2%-12.6%。
冠状病毒具有明显的季节性。根据间隔时间和继发感染风险，它们与同一人群中甲型流感（H3N2）的传播潜力相似。
