Mridha Debashish, Uddin Md Nasir, Alam Badrul, Akhter A H M Taslima, Islam Sk Shaheenur, Islam Md Saiful, Khan Md Shahidur Rahman, Lutful Kabir S M
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Food Safety Program, Food and Agricultural Organization, Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh.
Vet World. 2020 Feb;13(2):275-283. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.275-283. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
spp. are an important group of pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify and characterize of spp. isolated from broiler farms of Gazipur, Tangail, and Dhaka districts of Bangladesh. This study also evaluated the difference of positivity status between two groups of farms, good practices adapted in broiler rearing at the project intervened farms, and non-project intervened traditional farms.
A total of 352 samples including 128 cloacal swabs, 32 whole carcasses, 64 feed, 64 water, and 64 attendants' hand rinses were collected through convenient sampling technique from 16 poultry food safety project of Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations Bangladesh intervened farms and other 16 non-project intervened farms in the same location. Various cultural based techniques and biochemical methods were employed for the estimation of prevalence, isolation, and identification of spp. which was further evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility test using disk diffusion methods and serogrouping by slide agglutination test was accomplished for additional characterization.
Among the samples, an overall prevalence of spp. was 31.25% (110/352) (95% confidence interval [CI]=26.44-36.38%). However, the prevalence of spp. was 24.43% (43/176) (95% CI=18.28-31.47) in project intervened farms and 38.07% (67/176) (95% CI=30.87-45.68%) in non-intervened farms. Among the 110 isolates, 31.82% (35/110) were fitted under serogroup B, and the rest of the isolates 75 (68.18%) under serogroup D. Of 110 isolates, 82.72%, 77.27%, 81.82%, and 79.09% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, norfloxacin, and streptomycin, respectively. In addition, 81.82% and 80% isolates were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline, respectively. Isolated spp. presented moderate resistance to both amoxicillin and azithromycin. Alarmingly, 80.91% (89/110) isolates were shown to be multidrug-resistant spp.
The study has presented a significant variation of the prevalence of spp. between project intervened and non-project intervened farms, and this indicates project intervened farms are comparatively safer than the non-intervened farms considering public health and food safety grounds. This research outcome also has highlighted a substantial proportion of poultry origin multidrug resistance spp. is a potential source of public health hazards. In this regard, proper awareness creation and motivational activities on good agriculture practices in poultry rearing and maintaining good personal hygiene at the farmers' level are warranted through participatory training.
[病原菌名称]属是导致人类和动物疾病的一类重要病原体。本研究旨在估计从孟加拉国加济布尔、坦盖尔和达卡地区肉鸡养殖场分离出的[病原菌名称]属的流行率，并对其进行鉴定和特征描述。本研究还评估了两组养殖场（项目干预养殖场采用肉鸡饲养良好做法，非项目干预传统养殖场）之间[病原菌名称]属阳性状况的差异。
通过便利抽样技术，从联合国粮食及农业组织孟加拉国干预的16个家禽食品安全项目养殖场以及同一地点的其他16个非项目干预养殖场共采集了352份样本，包括128份泄殖腔拭子、32份整只鸡尸体、64份饲料、64份水和64份饲养员手部冲洗液。采用多种基于培养的技术和生化方法来估计[病原菌名称]属的流行率、进行分离和鉴定，并通过聚合酶链反应进一步评估。使用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验，并通过玻片凝集试验进行血清分组以进行进一步特征描述。
在这些样本中，[病原菌名称]属的总体流行率为31.25%（110/352）（95%置信区间[CI]=26.44 - 36.38%）。然而，在项目干预养殖场中，[病原菌名称]属的流行率为24.43%（43/176）（95% CI=18.28 - 31.47%），在非干预养殖场中为38.07%（67/176）（95% CI=30.87 - 45.68%）。在110株分离株中，31.82%（35/110）属于血清群B，其余75株（68.18%）属于血清群D。在110株分离株中，分别有82.72%、77.27%、81.82%和79.09%对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星和链霉素敏感。此外，分别有81.82%和80%的分离株对红霉素和四环素耐药。分离出的[病原菌名称]属对阿莫西林和阿奇霉素均呈现中度耐药。令人担忧的是，80.91%（89/110）的分离株显示为多重耐药的[病原菌名称]属。
该研究表明项目干预养殖场和非项目干预养殖场之间[病原菌名称]属的流行率存在显著差异，这表明从公共卫生和食品安全角度考虑，项目干预养殖场相对比非干预养殖场更安全。该研究结果还突出表明，相当比例的家禽源多重耐药[病原菌名称]属是公共卫生危害的潜在来源。在这方面，有必要通过参与式培训在农民层面开展关于家禽饲养良好农业规范和保持良好个人卫生的适当宣传和激励活动。
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