Ramtahal Melissa A, Somboro Anou M, Amoako Daniel G, Abia Akebe L K, Perrett Keith, Bester Linda A, Essack Sabiha Y
Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Biomedical Research Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Int J Microbiol. 2022 Jan 13;2022:5121273. doi: 10.1155/2022/5121273. eCollection 2022.
The presence of the zoonotic pathogen in the food supply chain poses a serious public health threat. This study describes the prevalence, susceptibility profiles, virulence patterns, and clonality of from a poultry flock monitored over six weeks, using the farm-to-fork approach. was isolated using selective media and confirmed to the genus and species level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the and genes, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using Vitek-2 and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against a panel of 21 antibiotics recommended by the World Health Organisation Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHO-AGISAR). Selected virulence genes were identified by conventional PCR, and clonality was determined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). was present in 32.1% of the samples: on the farm (30.9%), at the abattoir (0.6%), and during house decontamination (0.6%). A total of 210 isolates contained the and genes. Litter, faeces, and carcass rinsate isolates were classified as resistant to cefuroxime (45.2%), cefoxitin (1.9%), chloramphenicol (1.9%), nitrofurantoin (0.4%), pefloxacin (11.4%), and azithromycin (11%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed among 3.8% of the isolates. All wastewater and 72.4% of carcass rinsate isolates were fully susceptible. All isolates harboured the , and virulence genes, while , , , and were absent. In addition, was only present among the wastewater isolates. Various ERIC-PCR patterns were observed throughout the continuum with different subtypes, indicating the unrelated spread of . This study concluded that poultry and the poultry environment serve as reservoirs for resistant and pathogenic . However, there was no evidence of transmission along the farm-to-fork continuum.
人畜共患病原体在食品供应链中的存在对公众健康构成了严重威胁。本研究采用从农场到餐桌的方法，描述了在六周内监测的一个家禽群中的患病率、药敏谱、毒力模式和克隆性。使用选择性培养基分离，并分别通过针对16S rRNA和gyrB基因的实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）将其确认为属和种水平。使用Vitek-2和Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法针对世界卫生组织抗菌药物耐药性综合监测咨询小组（WHO-AGISAR）推荐的一组21种抗生素测定药敏谱。通过常规PCR鉴定选定的毒力基因，并使用肠杆菌重复基因间共识PCR（ERIC-PCR）确定克隆性。32.1%的样本中存在该病原体：在农场（30.9%）、屠宰场（0.6%）和禽舍消毒期间（0.6%）。总共210株分离株含有16S rRNA和gyrB基因。垫料、粪便和胴体冲洗液分离株被分类为对头孢呋辛（45.2%）、头孢西丁（1.9%）、氯霉素（1.9%）、呋喃妥因（0.4%）、培氟沙星（11.4%）和阿奇霉素（11%）耐药。在3.8%的分离株中观察到多重耐药（MDR）。所有废水和72.4%的胴体冲洗液分离株对所有测试抗生素均敏感。所有分离株都含有stx1、stx2和eae毒力基因，而hlyA、bfpA、lt和st则不存在。此外，ehxA仅存在于废水分离株中。在整个连续过程中观察到各种ERIC-PCR模式，具有不同的亚型，表明该病原体的非相关传播。本研究得出结论，家禽和家禽环境是耐药和致病性病原体的储存库。然而，没有证据表明病原体在从农场到餐桌的连续过程中传播。
