University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.
University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France; Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA; UMRESTTE, Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Bron, France.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Jun;227:113518. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113518. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
Exposure to certain synthetic phenols is of growing concern, in particular among pregnant women, because of their endocrine disrupting nature. Many phenols are still authorized in personal care products (PCP). We aimed to assess if use of PCPs, by pregnant women could influence their urinary concentrations of synthetic phenols.
We used a panel design with intense urine sample collection. Eight women completed a diary with exact time and use of PCPs in three weeks. We measured the concentrations of phenols (four parabens, bisphenol A and S, two dichlorophenols, triclosan, and benzophenone-3) in 178 urine samples, collected during 7 consecutive days at 3 time points during pregnancy. We characterized PCP use as the total number of PCP applications or as a single PCP use (yes/no) in three time windows (0-6, 6 to 12 and 12 to 24h before each urine sample collection). We used adjusted linear and Tobit regressions to assess associations between PCP use and phenol urinary concentrations.
The total number of PCP applications was positively associated with ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben concentrations. We observed a peak in urinary concentration of ethylparaben, butylparaben and propylparaben at 2.86, 2.55 and 2.67 h since last PCP use, respectively and twelve different types of PCPs were positively associated with at least one of these parabens. The bisphenol S concentration increased by 12.4% (95%CI: confidence interval: 5.9; 19.3) for each additional PCP application in the 12 to 24 time window and use of specific PCPs such as anti-stretchmarks cream, facial cleanser and shower gel. Associations varied by time window.
Our study showed that PCP use was associated with a short-term increase in the urinary concentration of ethylparaben, butylparaben and propylparaben, but not methylparaben. This study also reported a positive association between the use of PCPs and the bisphenol S concentration, a finding that warrants further investigation in cohorts with repeated collection of urine samples and detailed information on PCP use.
某些合成酚类物质的暴露引起了越来越多的关注，尤其是在孕妇中，因为它们具有内分泌干扰特性。许多酚类物质仍被授权用于个人护理产品（PCP）。我们旨在评估孕妇使用 PCP 是否会影响其尿液中合成酚类物质的浓度。
我们使用了一个面板设计，进行了密集的尿液样本采集。八名女性在三周内完成了一份详细记录 PCP 使用时间和方式的日记。我们在妊娠期间的三个时间点，连续七天内，每 3 小时收集一次尿液，共收集了 178 个尿液样本，测量了酚类物质（四种对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A 和 S、两种二氯酚、三氯生和苯甲酮-3）的浓度。我们将 PCP 使用情况描述为总 PCP 使用次数（或每个时间窗口内的单次 PCP 使用（是/否）），三个时间窗口分别为（0-6、6-12 和 12-24 小时）。我们使用调整后的线性和 Tobit 回归来评估 PCP 使用与酚类尿液浓度之间的关联。
总 PCP 使用次数与乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度呈正相关。我们观察到，在最后一次使用 PCP 后 2.86、2.55 和 2.67 小时，尿液中乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度达到峰值，并且有十二种不同类型的 PCP 与这些对羟基苯甲酸酯中的至少一种呈正相关。在 12 至 24 小时的时间窗口内，每增加一次 PCP 使用，双酚 S 浓度增加 12.4%（95%CI：置信区间：5.9；19.3），并且使用特定的 PCP，如抗妊娠纹霜、洗面奶和沐浴露，也与双酚 S 浓度呈正相关。关联因时间窗口而异。
我们的研究表明，PCP 使用与乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿液浓度短期增加有关，但与甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯无关。本研究还报告了 PCP 使用与双酚 S 浓度之间的正相关，这一发现需要在具有重复尿液样本采集和 PCP 使用详细信息的队列中进一步研究。
