Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate 61519, Egypt.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 9;25(7):1719. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071719.
Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.
样品制备是许多分析程序的关键步骤。样品制备的目的是提供具有代表性、均匀的样品，且该样品应不含干扰物并与预期的分析方法相兼容。绿色样品制备方法要求在分析过程中尽量减少甚至消除危险有机溶剂和能源的消耗。虽然显然没有样品制备是最环保的方法，但完全消除这一步骤并不总是可行的。在这种情况下，使用低量溶剂或不使用溶剂的提取技术被认为是理想的替代方法。本文概述了绿色提取程序和样品制备方法，简要介绍了它们的理论原理，并描述了在食品、制药、环境和生物分析化学应用中的最新进展。
