Åsjö Birgitta, Kruse Hilde
Center for Research in Virology, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, The Bio-Building 5th floor, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway.
National Veterinary Institute, Department for Health Surveillance, Oslo, Norway.
Perspect Med Virol. 2006;16:15-41. doi: 10.1016/S0168-7069(06)16003-6. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
Viral zoonoses have represented a significant public health problem throughout history, affecting all continents. Furthermore, many viral zoonoses have emerged or reemerged in recent years, highlighting the importance of such diseases. Emerging viral zoonoses encompass a vast number of different viruses and many different transmission modes. There are many factors influencing the epidemiology of the various zoonoses, such as ecological changes, changes in agriculture and food production, the movement of pathogens, including via travel and trade, human behavior and demographical factors, and microbial changes and adaptation. Cost-effective prevention and control of emerging viral zoonoses necessitates an interdisciplinary and holistic approach and international cooperation. Surveillance, laboratory capability, research, training and education, and last but not least, information and communication are key elements.
病毒性人畜共患病在历史上一直是一个重大的公共卫生问题，影响着各大洲。此外，近年来许多病毒性人畜共患病已经出现或再次出现，凸显了这类疾病的重要性。新发病毒性人畜共患病包括大量不同的病毒和许多不同的传播方式。有许多因素影响着各种人畜共患病的流行病学，如生态变化、农业和食品生产的变化、病原体的移动（包括通过旅行和贸易）、人类行为和人口因素，以及微生物变化和适应。对新发病毒性人畜共患病进行具有成本效益的预防和控制需要采取跨学科和全面的方法以及国际合作。监测、实验室能力、研究、培训和教育，以及最后但同样重要的信息和通信是关键要素。
