NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2020 Oct;63(10):1522-1533. doi: 10.1007/s11427-019-1614-0. Epub 2020 Apr 14.
An improved understanding of the lung microbiome may lead to better strategies to diagnose, treat, and prevent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, the characteristics of the lung microbiomes of patients with TB remain largely undefined. In this study, 163 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from 163 sputum-negative suspected PTB patients. Furthermore, 12 paired BAL samples were obtained from 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive (MTB+) patients before and after negative conversion following a two-month anti-TB treatment. The V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was used to characterize the microbial composition of the lungs. The results showed that the prevalence of MTB in the BAL samples was 42.9% (70/163) among the sputum-negative patients. The α-diversity of lung microbiota was significantly less diverse in MTB+ patients compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-negative (MTB-) patients. There was a significant difference in β-diversity between MTB+ and MTB- patients. MTB+ patients were enriched with Anoxybacillus, while MTB- patients were enriched with Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, and Gemella. There was no significant difference between the Anoxybacillus detection rates of MTB+ and MTB- patients. The paired comparison between the BAL samples from MTB+ patients and their negative conversion showed that BAL negative-conversion microbiota had a higher α-diversity. In conclusion, distinct features of airway microbiota could be identified between samples from patients with and without MTB. Our results imply links between lung microbiota and different clinical groups of active PTB.
对肺部微生物组的深入了解可能会为诊断、治疗和预防肺结核（PTB）提供更好的策略。然而，TB 患者肺部微生物组的特征在很大程度上仍未得到明确界定。在这项研究中，我们从 163 例痰阴性疑似 PTB 患者中收集了 163 份支气管肺泡灌洗液（BAL）样本。此外，我们从 12 例 MTB+患者中获得了 12 对 BAL 样本，这些患者在经过两个月的抗结核治疗后 MTB 由阳性转为阴性。我们使用 16S 核糖体 RNA（rRNA）基因的 V3-V4 区来描述肺部微生物的组成。结果显示，在这些痰阴性患者中，BAL 样本中 MTB 的患病率为 42.9%（70/163）。与 MTB-患者相比，MTB+患者肺部微生物组的 α 多样性明显较低。MTB+和 MTB-患者之间的β多样性存在显著差异。MTB+患者中富集了厌养芽孢杆菌，而 MTB-患者中富集了普雷沃氏菌、Alloprevotella、韦荣球菌和孪生球菌。MTB+和 MTB-患者的厌养芽孢杆菌检出率没有显著差异。MTB+患者的 BAL 样本在阳性和阴性转换之间的配对比较表明，BAL 阴性转换菌群具有更高的 α 多样性。总之，我们可以在 MTB 阳性和 MTB 阴性患者的样本之间识别出气道微生物组的不同特征。我们的研究结果暗示了肺部微生物组与活动性肺结核的不同临床组之间存在关联。
