Desselberger Ulrich, Gray Jim
is Visiting Scientist in the Unité Mixte de Recherche Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
is Head of the Enteric Virus Unit, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division at the Health Protection Agency, London, UK.
Medicine (Abingdon). 2005 Apr 1;33(4):78-81. doi: 10.1383/medc.33.4.78.64361. Epub 2006 Oct 30.
Rotaviruses, caliciviruses, enteric adenoviruses and astroviruses are common causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Their particle and genome structure, classification, replication and pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, epidemiology, disease and outbreak management, and vaccine development are discussed. In the immunocompromized (often infected with HIV), cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, picobirnaviruses and atypical adenoviruses have also been found to be associated with diarrhoea, often chronic. Uncommon causes of diarrhoea are infections with enteroviruses, orthoreoviruses, toroviruses, coronaviruses and parvoviruses.
轮状病毒、杯状病毒、肠道腺病毒和星状病毒是人类急性胃肠炎的常见病因。文中讨论了它们的病毒颗粒和基因组结构、分类、复制与发病机制、诊断、临床特征、流行病学、疾病及疫情管理以及疫苗研发。在免疫功能低下者（常感染HIV）中，还发现巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、微小双股RNA病毒和非典型腺病毒与腹泻有关，且往往是慢性腹泻。腹泻的罕见病因包括肠道病毒、呼肠孤病毒、环曲病毒、冠状病毒和细小病毒感染。
