Chamani Sajad, Bianconi Vanessa, Tasbandi Aida, Pirro Matteo, Barreto George E, Jamialahmadi Tannaz, Sahebkar Amirhossein
Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Mar 25;2020:3267172. doi: 10.1155/2020/3267172. eCollection 2020.
Acute inflammation has been described as a reactive dynamic process, promoted by the secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including lipid molecules like leukotrienes and prostaglandins, and counterbalanced by proresolving mediators including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid- (PUFA-) derived molecules. The switch from the initiation to the resolution phase of acute inflammatory response is crucial for tissue homeostasis, whereas the failure to resolve early inflammation by specialized proresolving mediators leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Among PUFA-derived proresolving mediators, different eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derivatives have been described, namely, resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), which exert their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory activities through specific G-protein-coupled receptors. In recent years, compelling evidence has shown that impairment of resolution of inflammation is a crucial pathogenic hallmark in different neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of resolvins in resolution of inflammation and highlights available evidence showing the neuroprotective potential of EPA- and DHA-derived resolvins (E-series and D-series resolvins, respectively) in neurodegenerative diseases.
急性炎症被描述为一个反应性动态过程，由促炎介质的分泌所推动，这些介质包括白三烯和前列腺素等脂质分子，并由包括ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）衍生分子在内的促消退介质进行平衡。急性炎症反应从起始阶段向消退阶段的转变对于组织稳态至关重要，而未能通过特异性促消退介质解决早期炎症会导致慢性炎症和组织损伤。在PUFA衍生的促消退介质中，已描述了不同的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）衍生物，即消退素（消退阶段相互作用产物），它们通过特定的G蛋白偶联受体发挥抗炎和免疫调节活性。近年来，有力证据表明炎症消退受损是包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病在内的不同神经退行性疾病的关键致病标志。本综述总结了目前关于消退素在炎症消退中作用的知识，并强调了现有证据表明EPA和DHA衍生的消退素（分别为E系列和D系列消退素）在神经退行性疾病中的神经保护潜力。
