Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 1;72(11):1992-1999. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa465.
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are commonly associated with acute respiratory illness. HAdV outbreaks are well documented in congregate military training settings, but less is known about outbreaks on college campuses. During fall 2018 and spring 2019, 5 United States (US) colleges reported increases in HAdV-associated respiratory illness. Investigations were performed to better understand HAdV epidemiology in this setting.
A case was defined as a student at one of the 5 colleges, with acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed HAdV infection during October 2018-December 2018 or March-May 2019. Available respiratory specimens were typed by HAdV type-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, and for a subset, whole genome sequencing was performed. We reviewed available medical records and cases were invited to complete a questionnaire, which included questions on symptom presentation, social history, and absenteeism.
We identified 168 HAdV cases. Median age was 19 (range, 17-22) years and 102 cases (61%) were male. Eleven cases were hospitalized, 10 with pneumonia; 2 cases died. Among questionnaire respondents, 80% (75/94) missed ≥ 1 day of class because of their illness. Among those with a type identified (79%), HAdV types 4 and 7 were equally detected, with frequency of each varying by site. Genome types 4a1 and 7d were identified, respectively, by whole genome sequence analysis.
HAdV respiratory illness was associated with substantial morbidity and missed class time among young, generally healthy adults on 5 US college campuses. HAdVs should be considered a cause of respiratory illness outbreaks in congregate settings such as college campuses.
人类腺病毒（HAdV）通常与急性呼吸道疾病有关。在集体军事训练环境中，HAdV 暴发有详细的记录，但在大学校园里的暴发情况了解较少。2018 年秋季和 2019 年春季，美国有 5 所大学报告称 HAdV 相关呼吸道疾病病例增加。开展了调查，以更好地了解该环境中的 HAdV 流行病学情况。
病例定义为在这 5 所大学中的一所就读的学生，在 2018 年 10 月至 12 月或 2019 年 3 月至 5 月期间出现急性呼吸道疾病和经实验室确认的 HAdV 感染。可获得的呼吸道标本通过 HAdV 型特异性实时聚合酶链反应检测进行分型，对于一部分标本进行了全基因组测序。我们查阅了现有的病历，邀请病例完成一份问卷，其中包括症状表现、社会史和缺勤情况等问题。
我们共发现 168 例 HAdV 病例。中位年龄为 19 岁（范围 17-22 岁），102 例（61%）为男性。11 例住院，其中 10 例为肺炎；2 例死亡。在接受问卷调查的病例中，80%（75/94）因疾病缺勤 1 天或以上。在可确定型别的病例中（79%），HAdV 型 4 和 7 的检出率相同，每个型别的检出频率因地点而异。通过全基因组序列分析分别确定了基因组型 4a1 和 7d。
在 5 所美国大学校园里，HAdV 呼吸道疾病与年轻、通常健康的成年人的大量发病率和缺课时间有关。在类似大学校园的集体环境中，应考虑 HAdV 是呼吸道疾病暴发的一个原因。
