Li I-Chen, Chen Chang Cheng, Sheu Sen-Je, Huang I-Hsuan, Chen Chin-Chu
Biotech Research Institute Grape King Bio Ltd Taoyuan Taiwan.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Da-Yeh University Changhua Taiwan.
Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Mar 3;8(4):1864-1873. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1469. eCollection 2020 Apr.
, also known as the sanghuang mushroom, is a medicinal mushroom that has been recognized as beneficial to health for more thousands of years. Among its diverse valuable secondary metabolites, the yellow-brown styrylpyrone pigment hispidin has garnered significant attention due to its various pharmacological effects. However, recently after detailed morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, the correct scientific name of the true sanghuang strains was shown not to be but . As the incorrect binomial name has long been misleadingly referred, there is a need to evaluate the safety of . Moreover, the growing conditions can impact the secondary metabolite profile of the fungi. Hence, this study is the first to optimize hispidin production and to investigate the genotoxic and oral toxic effects of hispidin-enriched mycelia. In order to induce the biosynthesis of hispidin, 15 different culture media consisting of five carbon sources, five nitrogen sources, and five initial pH conditions were screened. Glucose and yeast extract at an initial pH of 5 were found to be the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the optimal growth and production of hispidin. Moreover, the production of hispidin was 3 mg/g in a 20-ton bioreactor under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the ames test, in vitro chromosome aberration test, acute oral toxicity test, and bone marrow micronucleus test were used to detect toxicological properties of 3 mg/g hispidin-enriched mycelia. In all tests, there was no statistically significant difference between the mycelia and the negative control. Based on the results obtained, the present study demonstrates that 3 mg/g hispidin-enriched mycelia has a very low order of toxicity, which supports its safety for human consumption.
桑黄，也被称为桑黄菇，是一种药用真菌，数千年来一直被认为对健康有益。在其多种有价值的次生代谢产物中，黄褐色的苯乙烯基吡喃酮色素漆斑菌素因其多种药理作用而备受关注。然而，最近经过详细的形态学和分子系统发育研究表明，真正的桑黄菌株的正确学名不是[具体学名1]而是[具体学名2]。由于错误的双名法名称[具体学名1]长期以来被错误引用，因此有必要评估[具体学名1]的安全性。此外，生长条件会影响真菌的次生代谢产物谱。因此，本研究首次优化漆斑菌素的生产，并研究富含漆斑菌素的[具体学名1]菌丝体的遗传毒性和口服毒性作用。为了诱导漆斑菌素的生物合成，筛选了由五种碳源、五种氮源和五种初始pH条件组成的15种不同培养基。发现初始pH为5的葡萄糖和酵母提取物分别是最适合漆斑菌素最佳生长和生产的碳源和氮源。此外，在最佳条件下，20吨生物反应器中漆斑菌素的产量为3毫克/克。此外，采用艾姆斯试验、体外染色体畸变试验、急性口服毒性试验和骨髓微核试验来检测3毫克/克富含漆斑菌素的[具体学名1]菌丝体的毒理学特性。在所有试验中，菌丝体与阴性对照之间均无统计学显著差异。根据所得结果，本研究表明3毫克/克富含漆斑菌素的[具体学名1]菌丝体的毒性非常低，这支持了其对人类食用的安全性。
