Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology (Campus Lindholmen), Hörselgången 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Japan Automobile Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2021 Jan;49(1):115-128. doi: 10.1007/s10439-020-02512-1. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
ViVA Open Human Body Model (HBM) is an open-source human body model that was developed to fill the gap of currently available models that lacked the average female size. In this study, the head-neck model of ViVA OpenHBM was further developed by adding active muscle controllers for the cervical muscles to represent the human neck muscle reflex system as studies have shown that cervical muscles influence head-neck kinematics during impacts. The muscle controller was calibrated by conducting optimization-based parameter identification of published-volunteer data. The effects of different calibration objectives to head-neck kinematics were analyzed and compared. In general, a model with active neck muscles improved the head-neck kinematics agreement with volunteer responses. The current study highlights the importance of including active muscle response to mimic the volunteer's kinematics. A simple PD controller has found to be able to represent the behavior of the neck muscle reflex system. The optimum gains that defined the muscle controllers in the present study were able to be identified using optimizations. The present study provides a basis for describing an active muscle controller that can be used in future studies to investigate whiplash injuries in rear impacts.
VIVA 开放式人体模型（HBM）是一个开源的人体模型，旨在填补目前可用模型缺乏平均女性体型的空白。在这项研究中，通过添加主动肌肉控制器来进一步开发 VIVA OpenHBM 的头颈部模型，以代表人体颈部肌肉反射系统，因为研究表明，颈部肌肉会影响碰撞过程中的头颈部运动学。通过对已发表的志愿者数据进行基于优化的参数识别，对肌肉控制器进行了校准。分析和比较了不同校准目标对头颈部运动学的影响。通常，具有主动颈部肌肉的模型可以提高头颈部运动学与志愿者反应的一致性。目前的研究强调了包括主动肌肉反应以模拟志愿者运动学的重要性。已经发现简单的 PD 控制器能够代表颈部肌肉反射系统的行为。本研究中定义肌肉控制器的最佳增益可以使用优化方法来确定。本研究为描述主动肌肉控制器提供了基础，该控制器可用于未来的研究中，以调查追尾碰撞中的挥鞭伤。
