Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Animal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Dec;18(4):753-762. doi: 10.1111/vco.12603. Epub 2020 May 22.
Canine mammary carcinoma represents a model for the study of human breast cancer, although the prognostic value of various clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters has shown contradictory results. A prospective study, through a 4-year follow-up, was performed in 77 patients with mammary carcinoma to analyse the association between histological diagnosis, grade of malignancy, peritumoral and vascular invasion. We have also performed immunohistochemistry for the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that define human biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response. An association between histological diagnosis and clinical stage was observed with a high proportion of complex carcinoma classified as stage I. There was a higher proportion of ER /PR /HER2 tumours in stage I. In contrast, triple-negative tumours (ER /PR /HER2 ) were found mainly in advanced clinical stages and were associated with vascular and peritumoral invasion. The tumours included in group VII (carcinosarcoma/adenosquamous carcinoma/other special types of carcinoma) had a higher expression of COX-2. The univariate analysis showed that those patients with complex carcinoma had the lowest incidence of metastases and the highest probability of survival. In contrast, a high proportion of patients with anaplastic/inflammatory carcinoma developed metastases and showed the lowest probability of survival. In addition, the estimated survival time was shorter for those patients with triple-negative tumours and those with high COX-2 expression. However, in the multivariate analysis, only the peritumoral invasion maintained its prognostic significance. In conclusion, in our study anaplastic/inflammatory carcinomas had the worst prognosis with a high proportion of triple-negative tumours in this category.
犬乳腺肿瘤是研究人类乳腺癌的模型，尽管各种临床、组织学和免疫组织化学参数的预后价值显示出相互矛盾的结果。通过 4 年的随访，对 77 例乳腺肿瘤患者进行了一项前瞻性研究，分析了组织学诊断、恶性程度、肿瘤周围和血管浸润之间的关系。我们还进行了雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）的免疫组织化学表达分析，这些标志物可以定义疾病进展和治疗反应的人类生物标志物。观察到组织学诊断与临床分期之间存在关联，复杂癌的比例较高，被归类为 I 期。I 期 ER / PR / HER2 肿瘤比例较高。相反，三阴性肿瘤（ER / PR / HER2）主要出现在晚期临床阶段，与血管和肿瘤周围浸润有关。归入 VII 组（癌肉瘤/腺鳞癌/其他特殊类型的癌）的肿瘤 COX-2 表达较高。单因素分析显示，复杂癌患者转移发生率最低，生存概率最高。相反，比例较高的间变性/炎性癌患者发生转移，生存概率最低。此外，三阴性肿瘤和 COX-2 高表达患者的估计生存时间较短。然而，在多因素分析中，只有肿瘤周围浸润保持其预后意义。总之，在我们的研究中，间变性/炎性癌的预后最差，此类肿瘤中三阴性肿瘤的比例较高。
