基于能量代谢的精氨酸补充对运动表现的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Athletic Performance Based on Energy Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

机构信息

Glut4Science, Physiology, Nutrition and Sport, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2020 May 2;12(5):1300. doi: 10.3390/nu12051300.

Nitric oxide related ergogenic aids such as arginine (Arg) have shown to impact positively on sport performance through several physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, research results have shown to be controversial. The great differences regarding required metabolic pathways and physiological demands between aerobic and anaerobic sport disciplines could be the reasons. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of Arg supplementation on aerobic (≤VOmax) and anaerobic (>VOmax) performance. Likewise, to show the effective dose and timing of this supplementation. A structured search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and PICOS guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus databases from inception to January 2020. Eighteen studies were included which compare Arg supplementation with placebo in an identical situation and testing its effects on aerobic and anaerobic performance tests. Trials analyzing supplementation with other supplements were removed and there was not athlete's level, gender, ethnicity, or age filters. The performed meta-analysis included 15 studies and random effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were used according to Hedges' g. Results revealed that Arg supplementation could improve aerobic (SMD, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.56; magnitude of SMD (MSMD), large; I2, 89%; = 0.02) and anaerobic (SMD, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.43; MSMD, small; I2, 0%; = 0.01) performance tests. In conclusion, acute Arg supplementation protocols to improve aerobic and anaerobic performance should be adjusted to 0.15 g/kg of body weight ingested between 60-90 min before. Moreover, chronic Arg supplementation should include 1.5-2 g/day for 4-7 weeks in order to improve aerobic performance, and 10-12 g/day for 8 weeks to enhance anaerobic performance.

一氧化氮相关的运动补剂，如精氨酸（Arg），已被证明通过多种生理和代谢机制对运动表现产生积极影响。然而，研究结果存在争议。有氧和无氧运动项目之间所需的代谢途径和生理需求的巨大差异可能是原因。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估 Arg 补充对有氧（≤最大摄氧量）和无氧（>最大摄氧量）表现的影响。同样，展示这种补充的有效剂量和时间。根据 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）声明和 PICOS 指南，在 PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science（WOS）和 Scopus 数据库中进行了结构化搜索，检索时间从建库至 2020 年 1 月。共纳入 18 项研究，这些研究将 Arg 补充与安慰剂在相同情况下进行比较，并测试其对有氧和无氧性能测试的影响。分析其他补充剂补充的试验被排除，且没有运动员水平、性别、种族或年龄过滤。进行的荟萃分析包括 15 项研究，采用随机效应模型和聚合标准化均数差（SMD），根据 Hedges'g 进行分析。结果表明，Arg 补充可以提高有氧（SMD，0.84；95%置信区间，0.12 至 1.56；SMD 大小（MSMD），大；I2，89%； = 0.02）和无氧（SMD，0.24；95%置信区间，0.05 至 0.43；MSMD，小；I2，0%； = 0.01）性能测试。总之，为了提高有氧和无氧运动表现，应调整急性 Arg 补充方案，使其在运动前 60-90 分钟内摄入 0.15 克/千克体重。此外，为了提高有氧表现，慢性 Arg 补充应包括每天 1.5-2 克，持续 4-7 周，为了提高无氧表现，每天 10-12 克，持续 8 周。