Gāliņa Daiga, Ansonska Līga, Valdovska Anda
Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia.
Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Rīga, LV-1076, Latvia.
Vet Med Int. 2020 Apr 24;2020:3461768. doi: 10.1155/2020/3461768. eCollection 2020.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics and herbal products on the intestinal histomorphological and immunological development in piglets. Accordingly, 2-week-old piglets were allocated in 4 groups: C (basal diet), Pro (basal diet + probiotics), Pro+B (basal diet + probiotics + buckwheat bran), and H (powder of herbs). After 6 weeks of the experiment, 4 piglets from each experimental group were randomly selected and slaughtered at a slaughterhouse. Samples of tissue and digestive content from the jejunum and colon were collected for bacteriological, histological, and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that probiotics increased the number of spp. in the small ( < 0.05) and large intestines. The intestinal histomorphology was improved ( < 0.05) in all experimental groups by an increased villus height, VH : CD ration, colon crypt depth, and number of Ki-67 epithelial cells. A higher number ( < 0.05) of goblet cells and their acidification were observed in group Pro, while the density of goblet cells was decreased by the herbs. Probiotics increased ( < 0.05) the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), density of CD3 cells in Peyer's patches (PPs), and lamina propria (LP). In group H, a dual effect on the CD3 cell distribution was observed. The herbs reduced ( < 0.05) the number of IELs and CD3 in LP but increased the distribution of CD3 cells in PPs. In the colon, herbs increased CD3 cells in LP as well. It suggests that probiotics and herbs had influence on the intestinal histomorphology and the ability to modulate the mucosal immune system; however, the combination of probiotics and buckwheat bran was not so convincing, probably due to the inhibitory effect of the buckwheat bran on the probiotics used.
本研究的目的是评估益生菌和草药产品对仔猪肠道组织形态学和免疫发育的影响。因此，将2周龄的仔猪分为4组：C组（基础日粮）、Pro组（基础日粮+益生菌）、Pro+B组（基础日粮+益生菌+荞麦麸）和H组（草药粉）。实验6周后，从每个实验组随机选取4头仔猪，在屠宰场宰杀。采集空肠和结肠的组织及消化内容物样本，进行细菌学、组织学和免疫组织化学检查。结果表明，益生菌增加了小肠和大肠中 spp. 的数量（P<0.05）。所有实验组的肠道组织形态学均得到改善（P<0.05），表现为绒毛高度增加、VH∶CD比值增加、结肠隐窝深度增加以及Ki-67上皮细胞数量增加。Pro组观察到杯状细胞数量较多（P<0.05）且其酸化程度较高，而草药组杯状细胞密度降低。益生菌增加了上皮内淋巴细胞（IELs）的数量（P<0.05）、派尔集合淋巴结（PPs）和固有层（LP）中CD3细胞的密度。在H组中，观察到对CD3细胞分布有双重影响。草药降低了LP中IELs和CD3的数量（P<0.05），但增加了PPs中CD3细胞的分布。在结肠中，草药也增加了LP中CD3细胞的数量。这表明益生菌和草药对肠道组织形态学及调节黏膜免疫系统的能力有影响；然而，益生菌和荞麦麸的组合效果不太令人信服，可能是由于荞麦麸对所用益生菌有抑制作用。
