BIONAND - Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain.
Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2020 May 7;378(3):40. doi: 10.1007/s41061-020-00302-w.
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They have been extensively investigated as CAs due to their high biocompatibility and excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the ease of functionalization of their surfaces with different types of ligands (antibodies, peptides, sugars, etc.) opens up the possibility of carrying out molecular MRI. Thus, IONPs functionalized with epithelial growth factor receptor antibodies, short peptides, like RGD, or aptamers, among others, have been proposed for the diagnosis of various types of cancer, including breast, stomach, colon, kidney, liver or brain cancer. In addition to cancer diagnosis, different types of IONPs have been developed for other applications, such as the detection of brain inflammation or the early diagnosis of thrombosis. This review addresses key aspects in the development of IONPs for MRI applications, namely, synthesis of the inorganic core, functionalization processes to make IONPs biocompatible and also to target them to specific tissues or cells, and finally in vivo studies in animal models, with special emphasis on tumor models.
氧化铁纳米粒子（IONPs）作为磁共振成像（MRI）的对比剂，已经成为一种很有前途的替代物。由于其高生物相容性和优异的磁性能，它们已被广泛研究作为对比剂。此外，通过不同类型的配体（抗体、肽、糖等）对其表面进行功能化的简便性，为进行分子 MRI 开辟了可能性。因此，已经提出了用表皮生长因子受体抗体、短肽（如 RGD）或适体等对氧化铁纳米粒子进行功能化，用于诊断各种类型的癌症，包括乳腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肾癌、肝癌或脑癌。除了癌症诊断外，还开发了不同类型的 IONPs 用于其他应用，例如检测脑炎症或早期诊断血栓形成。本综述讨论了用于 MRI 应用的 IONPs 的关键方面，即无机核的合成、使 IONPs 具有生物相容性的功能化过程，以及将其靶向特定组织或细胞的过程，最后是动物模型中的体内研究，特别强调了肿瘤模型。
