Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Aug 10;258:112875. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112875. Epub 2020 May 6.
Ajuga iva (L.,) Schreb (A. iva). is a medicinal plant commonly used in Africa to treat several diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, allergy, cancer, renal, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, digestive, and respiratory disorders.
We highlighted previous reports on A. iva including its ethnopharmacological uses, the chemistry of its secondary metabolites, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties, and toxicological evidence.
The data on A. iva were gathered using scientific research databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus Wiley Online, and Google Scholar. In this review, studies focused on A. iva and its phytopharmacological activities were explored.
A. iva is used by many North African folk medicine practitioners especially against diabetes and immunological diseases. Our analysis of the previous reports confirmed the scientific evidence of A. iva ethnomedicinal uses, especially the antidiabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemia activity. However, there was no clear correlation between previous pharmacological reports on A. iva and its other ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of rheumatism, allergy, metabolic, digestive, and respiratory disorders. The extracts and isolated compounds from A. iva exhibited numerous in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hypercholesterolemia, insecticide, and litholitic effects. Chemical characterization using GC-MS, HPLC, and NMR revealed the presence of many chemical compounds such as 20-hydroxyecdysone, cyasterone, ajugasterone, apigenin dihexoside, apigenin, carvacrol, ecdysterone, palmitic acid in different parts of A. iva. These compounds belong to different classes of chemical compounds such as steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and terpenoids.
A. iva extracts especially from the leaves showed significant antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and analgesic effects. Future studies are required to validate the results of clinical trials on A. iva antidiabetic, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties. Toxicological validation and pharmacokinetics investigation are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety A. iva extracts and its secondary metabolites. An in-depth investigation is needed to reveal the biological activity of A. iva active compounds in preventing the development of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Ajuga iva（L.，）Schreb（A. iva）。是一种药用植物，在非洲常用于治疗多种疾病，如糖尿病、风湿病、过敏、癌症、肾脏、代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、消化和呼吸系统疾病。
我们强调了以前关于 A. iva 的报告，包括其民族药理学用途、次生代谢物的化学、体外和体内药理学特性以及毒理学证据。
使用科学研究数据库（如 ScienceDirect、PubMed、SpringerLink、Web of Science、Scopus Wiley Online 和 Google Scholar）收集关于 A. iva 的数据。在本次综述中，我们探讨了针对 A. iva 及其植物药理学活性的研究。
许多北非民间医学从业者使用 A. iva，特别是针对糖尿病和免疫性疾病。我们对以前报告的分析证实了 A. iva 民族医学用途的科学证据，特别是抗糖尿病和降胆固醇作用。然而，以前关于 A. iva 的药理学报告与其在治疗风湿病、过敏、代谢、消化和呼吸系统疾病方面的其他民族医学用途之间没有明显的相关性。A. iva 的提取物和分离化合物表现出许多体外和体内药理学活性，如抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗菌、降胆固醇、杀虫剂和溶石作用。使用 GC-MS、HPLC 和 NMR 进行化学表征揭示了许多化学化合物的存在，如 20-羟基蜕皮酮、环阿屯酮、阿朱甾酮、芹菜素二己糖苷、芹菜素、香芹酚、蜕皮甾酮、棕榈酸，在 A. iva 的不同部位。这些化合物属于不同类别的化学化合物，如甾体、类黄酮、脂肪酸和萜类化合物。
A. iva 提取物，特别是来自叶子的提取物，表现出显著的抗糖尿病、抗氧化、降胆固醇和镇痛作用。需要进行进一步的研究来验证 A. iva 抗糖尿病、降胆固醇、抗氧化/抗炎、抗菌和镇痛特性的临床试验结果。需要进行毒理学验证和药代动力学研究，以验证 A. iva 提取物及其次生代谢物的功效和安全性。需要进行深入研究以揭示 A. iva 活性化合物在预防癌症和神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）发展方面的生物学活性。
