Freitas-Simoes Tania-Marisa, Wagner Maude, Samieri Cecilia, Sala-Vila Aleix, Grodstein Francine
Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
J Aging Res. 2020 Jan 7;2020:5651737. doi: 10.1155/2020/5651737. eCollection 2020.
Nut consumption may reduce age-related diseases and lead to better health and well-being in aging. Many conditions of aging develop over decades, and thus earlier lifestyle factors may particularly influence later health.
In 1998 and 2002, we administered food frequency questionnaires to assess nut consumption (peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts and peanut butter) in women in the Nurses' Health Study in their 50 s/early 60 s. In 2012, those who survived beyond 65 years with no chronic diseases, no reported memory impairment, no physical disabilities, and intact mental health were considered "healthy agers." We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for healthy versus usual aging, controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, dietary, and other potential confounding factors.
Of 33,931 participants at midlife, 16% became "healthy agers." After age adjustment, we observed a significant association between total nut consumption at midlife and higher odds of healthy aging, with strongest associations observed excluding peanut butter (odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.62, ≥3 servings/week versus none). Findings were attenuated after further control for covariates, including overall diet quality (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28, trend = 0.05). For nut types, we found statistically significantly higher odds of healthy aging across peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts after age adjustment. After full control for confounders, only walnut consumption remained associated with healthy aging ( trend = 0.0001); for example, the OR was 1.20 (95% CI 1.00-1.44) for ≥2 servings/week versus none.
Women consuming nuts at midlife have a greater likelihood of overall health and well-being at older ages. Nut consumption may represent a simple intervention to explore and promote healthy aging.
食用坚果可能会减少与年龄相关的疾病，并使老年人更加健康和幸福。许多衰老相关状况是在几十年间逐渐发展形成的，因此早期的生活方式因素可能对后期健康产生特别的影响。
在1998年和2002年，我们对护士健康研究中50多岁/60岁出头的女性进行了食物频率问卷调查，以评估她们对坚果（花生、核桃以及其他坚果和花生酱）的食用情况。在2012年，那些活到65岁以上、没有慢性病、没有记忆障碍报告、没有身体残疾且心理健康完好的人被视为“健康老年人”。我们使用多变量逻辑回归来估计健康衰老与正常衰老的比值比，并对社会人口统计学、行为、饮食和其他潜在混杂因素进行了控制。
在33931名中年参与者中，16%成为了“健康老年人”。年龄调整后，我们观察到中年时期的坚果总摄入量与健康衰老的较高几率之间存在显著关联，排除花生酱后关联最为明显（比值比（OR）=1.46，95%置信区间（CI）1.32 - 1.62，每周食用≥3份与不食用相比）。在进一步控制协变量（包括总体饮食质量）后，结果有所减弱（OR = 1.14，95% CI 1.02 - 1.28，趋势 = 0.05）。对于坚果种类，年龄调整后，我们发现食用花生、核桃和其他坚果后健康衰老的几率在统计学上显著更高。在完全控制混杂因素后，只有食用核桃仍与健康衰老相关（趋势 = 0.0001）；例如，每周食用≥2份与不食用相比，OR为1.20（95% CI 1.00 - 1.44）。
中年食用坚果的女性在老年时总体健康和幸福的可能性更大。食用坚果可能是一种探索和促进健康衰老的简单干预措施。
