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Metabolite, Protein, and Lipid Extraction (MPLEx): A Method that Simultaneously Inactivates Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Allows Analysis of Multiple Host Cell Components Following Infection.代谢物、蛋白质和脂质提取法（MPLEx）：一种可同时灭活中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒并能在感染后对多种宿主细胞成分进行分析的方法。
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2099:173-194. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_14.
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Multi-omics Signature of , an Emerging and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen.新兴多重耐药病原体[病原体名称未给出]的多组学特征
mSystems. 2019 Jun 11;4(4):e00257-19. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00257-19.
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Lipid Mini-On: mining and ontology tool for enrichment analysis of lipidomic data.脂质迷你 - ON：用于脂质组学数据富集分析的挖掘和本体论工具。
Bioinformatics. 2019 Nov 1;35(21):4507-4508. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz250.
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Glucuronoxylomannan and Sterylglucoside Are Required for Host Protection in an Animal Vaccination Model.葡聚糖醛酸木聚糖和甾基葡糖苷是动物疫苗接种模型中宿主保护所必需的。
mBio. 2019 Apr 2;10(2):e02909-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02909-18.
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virulence factors, including listeriolysin O, are secreted in biologically active extracellular vesicles.毒力因子，包括李斯特菌溶血素 O，被分泌到具有生物活性的细胞外囊泡中。
J Biol Chem. 2019 Jan 25;294(4):1202-1217. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006472. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
6
Macrophage activation by IFN-γ triggers restriction of phagosomal copper from intracellular pathogens.IFN-γ 激活巨噬细胞可触发吞噬体铜向细胞内病原体的限制。
PLoS Pathog. 2018 Nov 19;14(11):e1007444. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007444. eCollection 2018 Nov.
7
Extracellular Vesicles From the Dermatophyte Modulate Macrophage and Keratinocyte Functions.皮肤癣菌来源的细胞外囊泡可调节巨噬细胞和角质形成细胞的功能。
Front Immunol. 2018 Oct 9;9:2343. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02343. eCollection 2018.
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Candida albicans biofilm-induced vesicles confer drug resistance through matrix biogenesis.白色念珠菌生物膜诱导的囊泡通过基质生物发生赋予药物抗性。
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9
Concentration-dependent protein loading of extracellular vesicles released by Histoplasma capsulatum after antibody treatment and its modulatory action upon macrophages.抗体处理后荚膜组织胞浆菌释放的细胞外囊泡的浓度依赖性蛋白加载及其对巨噬细胞的调节作用。
Sci Rep. 2018 May 23;8(1):8065. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25665-5.
10
Pathogen-derived extracellular vesicles mediate virulence in the fatal human pathogen Cryptococcus gattii.病原体衍生的细胞外囊泡介导致命人类病原体荚膜组织胞浆菌的毒力。
Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 19;9(1):1556. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03991-6.

介质很重要！荚膜组织胞浆菌细胞外囊泡在不同营养环境下的装载和释放变化。

Media matters! Alterations in the loading and release of Histoplasma capsulatum extracellular vesicles in response to different nutritional milieus.

作者信息

Cleare Levi G, Zamith Daniel, Heyman Heino M, Couvillion Sneha P, Nimrichter Leonardo, Rodrigues Marcio L, Nakayasu Ernesto S, Nosanchuk Joshua D

机构信息

Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.

出版信息

Cell Microbiol. 2020 Sep;22(9):e13217. doi: 10.1111/cmi.13217. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

DOI:10.1111/cmi.13217
PMID:32406582
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7415587/
Abstract

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that most frequently causes pneumonia, but can also disseminate and proliferate in diverse tissues. Histoplasma capsulatum has a complex secretion system that mediates the release of macromolecule-degrading enzymes and virulence factors. The formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mechanism for non-conventional secretion in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Histoplasma capsulatum EVs contain diverse proteins associated with virulence and are immunologically active. Despite the growing knowledge of EVs from H. capsulatum and other pathogenic fungi, the extent that changes in the environment impact the sorting of organic molecules in EVs has not been investigated. In this study, we cultivated H. capsulatum with distinct culture media to investigate the potential plasticity in EV loading in response to differences in nutrition. Our findings reveal that nutrition plays an important role in EV loading and formation, which may translate into differences in biological activities of these fungi in various fluids and tissues.

摘要

荚膜组织胞浆菌是一种双相真菌，最常引起肺炎，但也可在多种组织中播散和增殖。荚膜组织胞浆菌具有复杂的分泌系统，可介导大分子降解酶和毒力因子的释放。细胞外囊泡（EVs）的形成和释放是子囊菌和担子菌中非传统分泌的重要机制。荚膜组织胞浆菌EVs含有多种与毒力相关的蛋白质，且具有免疫活性。尽管对来自荚膜组织胞浆菌和其他致病真菌的EVs的了解越来越多，但环境变化对EVs中有机分子分选的影响程度尚未得到研究。在本研究中，我们用不同的培养基培养荚膜组织胞浆菌，以研究其对营养差异的反应中EVs装载的潜在可塑性。我们的研究结果表明，营养在EVs装载和形成中起重要作用，这可能转化为这些真菌在各种体液和组织中的生物活性差异。