Pedersen Zari Maibritt, Hecht Katharina
Wellington School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2020 May 12;5(2):18. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics5020018.
Built environment professionals must solve urgent and complex problems related to mitigating and adapting to climate change and biodiversity loss. Cities require redesign and retrofit so they can become complex systems that create rather than diminish ecological and societal health. One way to do this is to strategically design buildings and cities to generate and provide ecosystem services. This is an aspect of biomimicry, where whole ecosystems and their functions are emulated, in order to positively shift the ecological performance of buildings and urban settings. A small number of methodologies and frameworks for ecosystem services design have been proposed, but their use is not wide spread. A key barrier is the lack of translational work between ecology concepts and practical examples of ecosystem services design for a built environment context. In response, this paper presents research underpinning the creation of a qualitative relational diagram in an online interactive format that relates ecosystem services concepts to design strategies, concepts, technologies, and case studies in a format for use by built environment professionals. The paper concludes that buildings and whole cities should be expected to become active contributors to socio-ecological systems because, as the diagram shows, many strategies and technologies to enable this already exist.
建筑环境专业人员必须解决与缓解和适应气候变化及生物多样性丧失相关的紧迫而复杂的问题。城市需要重新设计和改造，以便成为能够创造而非损害生态和社会健康的复杂系统。实现这一目标的一种方法是战略性地设计建筑物和城市，以产生并提供生态系统服务。这是仿生学的一个方面，即模仿整个生态系统及其功能，以便积极改变建筑物和城市环境的生态性能。目前已经提出了一些用于生态系统服务设计的方法和框架，但它们的应用并不广泛。一个关键障碍是生态学概念与建筑环境背景下生态系统服务设计的实际案例之间缺乏转化工作。作为回应，本文介绍了一项研究，该研究支持创建一个在线交互式的定性关系图，该图以一种供建筑环境专业人员使用的格式，将生态系统服务概念与设计策略、概念、技术和案例研究联系起来。本文的结论是，建筑物和整个城市应该有望成为社会生态系统的积极贡献者，因为如图所示，许多实现这一目标的策略和技术已经存在。
