Optimizing a Screening Protocol for Potential Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Escherichia coli on MacConkey Agar for Use in a Global Surveillance Program.

The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing is worrisome. Coordinated efforts to better understand global prevalence and risk factors are needed. Developing lower- and middle-income countries need reliable, readily available, and cost-effective solutions for detecting ESBL to contribute to global surveillance. We evaluated MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime as a screening method for accurately detecting and quantifying potential ESBL MacConkey agar from eight manufacturers, representing seven countries, was prepared with 2 or 4 μg/ml ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Four strains (NC11, ATCC 25922, CM-13457, and CM-10455) and one strain (CM-11073) were grown overnight, serially diluted, and plated in triplicate for enumeration on all medium combinations. After recovery was assessed, US-1 MacConkey agar with cefotaxime was used to further evaluate the reproducibility and detection of potential ESBL from poultry cecal ( = 30) and water ( = 30) samples. Results indicated the recovery of 13457 from four MacConkey agar manufacturers was reduced by up to 4 log CFU/ml, and phenotypic differences in colony size and color were apparent for each manufacturer for control strains. A true ESBL, NC11, was not reduced with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime. From ceca and water, potential ESBL isolates were only confirmed from MacConkey agar with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime, where 45% and 16.6% of isolates phenotypically expressed ESBL production. The quality and reproducibility of MacConkey agar varied by manufacturer, which suggests that a single manufacturer and medium type should be selected for global monitoring efforts so that training and interpretation can be standardized.