Gul Taza, Khan Abbas, Bilal Muhammad, Alreshidi Nasser Aedh, Mukhtar Safyan, Shah Zahir, Kumam Poom
Department of mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Higher Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 21;10(1):8474. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65298-1.
The main features of present numerical model is to explore and compare the behavior of simple and hybrid nanoparticles, which were allowed to move on a spreading sheet. The effect of magnetic dipole on hybrid nanofluid flow is considered. A magnetic dipole combined with hybrid nanofluid plays a vital role in controlling the momentum and thermal boundary layers. In view of the impacts of a magnetic dipole on the simple and hybrid nanofluids, steady, laminar and boundary layer flow of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are characterized in this analysis. The governing equations of flow problem are diminished to ordinary differential equation (ODE's) by using similarity approach. For the numerical solution of the nonlinear ODE's, Runge Kutta order 4 technique has been executed. The impact of various physical constraints, such as volume friction, viscous dissipation, Prandtl number and so on have been sketched and briefly discussed for velocity and temperature profile. In this work, some vital characteristics such as skin friction, Curie temperature and local Nusselt number are chosen for physical and numerical analysis. It has been noted that the hybrid nanofluid is more efficient in thermal conduction due to its strong thermal characteristics as compared to simple nanofluid. From results, it is also observed that the turbulence of fluid flow can be controlled through magnetic dipole.
当前数值模型的主要特点是探索和比较简单纳米颗粒与混合纳米颗粒在扩展表面上的运动行为。考虑了磁偶极子对混合纳米流体流动的影响。磁偶极子与混合纳米流体相结合在控制动量和热边界层方面起着至关重要的作用。鉴于磁偶极子对简单纳米流体和混合纳米流体的影响，本分析对[公式：见原文]和[公式：见原文]的稳态、层流和边界层流动进行了表征。通过相似性方法将流动问题的控制方程简化为常微分方程（ODE）。对于非线性ODE的数值解，采用了四阶龙格 - 库塔技术。绘制并简要讨论了各种物理约束（如体积摩擦、粘性耗散、普朗特数等）对速度和温度分布的影响。在这项工作中，选择了一些重要特性，如表面摩擦、居里温度和局部努塞尔数进行物理和数值分析。已经注意到，与简单纳米流体相比，混合纳米流体由于其较强的热特性在热传导方面更有效。从结果还可以观察到，流体流动的湍流可以通过磁偶极子来控制。
