López-Fernández Jorge, Sánchez-Sánchez Javier, García-Unanue Jorge, Hernando Enrique, Gallardo Leonor
Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Science, Coventry University, Coventry CVI 5FB, UK.
School of Sport Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2020 May 18;8(5):66. doi: 10.3390/sports8050066.
As most existing studies in youth academies are focused on top players, the objective of this research is to analyze the physical and physiological demands of various small-sided games (SSGs) on different age categories within a sub-elite soccer academy. We evaluated 63 young players from a Spanish sub-elite academy (under 14 = 21; under 16 = 21; under 18 = 21). Players performed four different small-side games focused on possession game (3-a-side; 4-a-side; 5-a-side; 6-a-side). The global indicators of performance and high-intensity actions were recorded through global positioning systems, whereas the heart rate responses were measured using heart rate monitors. Results: Under 16 ran a greater distance at high-intensity velocity than under 14 in the small side games 3v3 and 6v6. Furthermore, under 16 also ran a greater distance at high-intensity velocity than under 18 in the small side game 3v3 ( < 0.01). Under 14 showed greater acceleration at the highest intensity (> 2.75 m/s2) than the other age groups, under 16 and U18 ( < 0.01; ES (effect size) > 1). According to the physiological load, SSG 3v3 presented lower outcomes in Zone 6 (> 95% HRmax) than the small side game 4v4 and the small side game 5v5, in both under 14 and under 16. The workload of SSGs varies depending on the number of players, but also depending on the players' ages. Therefore, when designing the SSGs it is important to consider both the players' ages and the workload that want to be achieved.
由于大多数关于青训营的现有研究都集中在顶尖球员身上，本研究的目的是分析在一个次精英足球青训营中，不同年龄组在各种小型比赛（SSG）中的身体和生理需求。我们评估了来自西班牙一个次精英青训营的63名年轻球员（14岁以下 = 21人；16岁以下 = 21人；18岁以下 = 21人）。球员们进行了四种不同的以控球为重点的小型比赛（3对3；4对4；5对5；6对6）。通过全球定位系统记录表现的总体指标和高强度动作，而使用心率监测器测量心率反应。结果：在3对3和6对6的小型比赛中，16岁以下球员在高强度速度下跑的距离比14岁以下球员更远。此外，在3对3的小型比赛中，16岁以下球员在高强度速度下跑的距离也比18岁以下球员更远（<0.01）。14岁以下球员在最高强度（>2.75米/秒²）时的加速度比其他年龄组（16岁以下和18岁以下）更大（<0.01；效应量>1）。根据生理负荷，在14岁以下和16岁以下球员中，3对3的小型比赛在第6区（>95%心率最大值）的结果低于4对4的小型比赛和5对5的小型比赛。小型比赛的工作量不仅取决于球员数量，还取决于球员年龄。因此，在设计小型比赛时，考虑球员年龄和想要达到的工作量很重要。
