Chen Y J, Zhou X H, Han B, Li S M, Xu T, Yi H X, Liu P, Zhang L W, Li Y Y, Jiang S L, Pan J C, Ma C H, Wang B C
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Qingdao Center Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China.
Food Res Int. 2020 Jul;133:109196. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109196. Epub 2020 Mar 24.
Understanding the components composition characteristics of human milk is conductive for the development of infant formulas. The total fatty acids composition and the stereo-distribution of fatty acids in human milk triglycerides (TGs) from three regions (Zhengzhou, Wuhan and Harbin) of China were analyzed. The total and intrapositional fatty acids composition of human milk TGs showed significant differences among three regions. Zhengzhou, Harbin and Wuhan human milk possessed highest levels of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA, 6.36 ± 1.46%), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, 0.10 ± 0.03%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, 34.61 ± 0.45%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 30.34 ± 0.33%), respectively. The preference distribution of fatty acids in human milk TGs was hardly affected by regions, for the relative conservative interpositional levels of each fatty acids in three regions. Not only the specific distribution of sn-2 position, but the esterification of fatty acids in sn-1 and sn-3 positions also had preference. SCFA and MCFA were mainly esterified at sn-3 position, but LCSFA most unlikely distributed at the sn-3 position. The preference esterification of MUFA were sn-1, sn-3 > sn-2, and PUFA were sn-3 > sn-1 > sn-2. Therefore, the optimization of infant formulas not only needs considering total fatty acid composition of TGs but requires thinking over the stereo-distribution of fatty acids.
了解母乳的成分组成特征有助于婴儿配方奶粉的研发。对中国三个地区（郑州、武汉和哈尔滨）母乳甘油三酯（TGs）中的总脂肪酸组成和脂肪酸的立体分布进行了分析。母乳TGs的总脂肪酸组成和脂肪酸的位置内组成在三个地区之间存在显著差异。郑州、哈尔滨和武汉的母乳中分别含有最高水平的中链脂肪酸（MCFA，6.36±1.46%）、短链脂肪酸（SCFA，0.10±0.03%）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA，34.61±0.45%）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA，30.34±0.33%）。母乳TGs中脂肪酸的优先分布几乎不受地区影响，因为三个地区中每种脂肪酸的相对保守的位置内水平。不仅sn-2位的特定分布，而且sn-1和sn-3位脂肪酸的酯化也有偏好。SCFA和MCFA主要在sn-3位酯化，但长链饱和脂肪酸（LCSFA）最不可能分布在sn-3位。MUFA的优先酯化顺序为sn-1、sn-3＞sn-2，PUFA为sn-3＞sn-1＞sn-2。因此，婴儿配方奶粉的优化不仅需要考虑TGs的总脂肪酸组成，还需要考虑脂肪酸的立体分布。
