Cohen Koby, Rosenzweig Shiri, Rosca Paola, Pinhasov Albert, Weizman Abraham, Weinstein Aviv
Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Ministry of Health (Israel), Jerusalem, Israel.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 May 15;11:355. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00355. eCollection 2020.
Chronic use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been associated with a wide range of negative consequences for health including psychotic and affective disturbances. Accumulating evidence indicates that cannabinoids use may be a risk factor for schizophrenia, and chronic natural cannabis users score higher than non-users on measures of schizotypal personality traits. However, little is known regarding the personality characteristics of SC users, especially in comparison with recreational cannabis users and healthy individuals. This study aimed to examine the differences in personality characteristics and schizotypy between SC users, regular cannabis users, and non-users and to compare these measures between groups.
Forty-two chronic SC users, 39 natural cannabis users, and 47 non-using control participants, without history of mental disorder, or current substance use diagnosis (mean age 26± 4.47 years; 23 females, 105 males), completed the Big-Five Factor Inventory (BFI), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), substance use history, rating scales of depression and anxiety, and a demographic questionnaire.
On the BFI, SC users scored higher than natural cannabis users and non-users on neuroticism, but lower on agreeableness and extraversion, and endorsed greater schizotypal symptoms on the SPQ-B. In addition, SC users had lower scores on conscientiousness than non-users, and natural cannabis users were more extroverted than non-users. Higher openness and lower conscientiousness predicted schizotypy for both SC and natural cannabis users. Finally, greater neuroticism predicted schizotypy for natural cannabis users, and introversion predicted schizotypy for non-users.
These results show that chronic SC users differ from natural cannabis users and non-users on dimensions of specific personality traits and schizotypy that may indicate psychotic proneness.
长期使用合成大麻素（SCs）与一系列健康负面后果相关，包括精神和情感障碍。越来越多的证据表明，使用大麻素可能是精神分裂症的一个风险因素，长期使用天然大麻的使用者在分裂型人格特质测量上的得分高于非使用者。然而，关于SCs使用者的人格特征知之甚少，尤其是与娱乐性大麻使用者和健康个体相比。本研究旨在探讨SCs使用者、经常使用大麻者和非使用者在人格特征和分裂型特质方面的差异，并比较各组之间的这些指标。
42名长期使用SCs的使用者、39名天然大麻使用者和47名无精神障碍病史或当前物质使用诊断的非使用对照参与者（平均年龄26±4.47岁；23名女性，105名男性）完成了大五人格量表（BFI）、分裂型人格问卷简版（SPQ-B）、物质使用史、抑郁和焦虑评定量表以及一份人口统计学问卷。
在BFI上，SCs使用者在神经质方面的得分高于天然大麻使用者和非使用者，但在宜人性和外向性方面得分较低，并且在SPQ-B上认可更多的分裂型症状。此外，SCs使用者在尽责性方面的得分低于非使用者，天然大麻使用者比非使用者更外向。更高的开放性和更低的尽责性预测了SCs使用者和天然大麻使用者的分裂型特质。最后，更高的神经质预测了天然大麻使用者的分裂型特质，内向性预测了非使用者的分裂型特质。
这些结果表明，长期使用SCs的使用者在特定人格特质和分裂型特质维度上与天然大麻使用者和非使用者不同，这些维度可能表明有精神病倾向。
