Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 May 30;12(6):1607. doi: 10.3390/nu12061607.
Research on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is gaining traction. The interest is two-fold; on the one hand, it is a unique trilayer structure with specific secretory function. On the other hand, it is the basis for ingredients with the presence of phospho- and sphingolipids and glycoproteins, which are being used as food ingredients with valuable functionality, in particular, for use as a supplement in infant nutrition. This last application is at the center of this Review, which aims to contribute to understanding MFGM's function in the proper development of immunity, cognition, and intestinal trophism, in addition to other potential effects such as prevention of diseases including cardiovascular disease, impaired bone turnover and inflammation, skin conditions, and infections as well as age-associated cognitive decline and muscle loss. The phospholipid composition of MFGM from bovine milk is quite like human milk and, although there are some differences due to dairy processing, these do not result in a chemical change. The MFGM ingredients, as used to improve the formulation in different clinical studies, have indeed increased the presence of phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with the resulting benefits of different outcomes (especially immune and cognitive outcomes) with no reported adverse effects. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism(s) of action of MFGM remain to be elucidated and further basic investigation is warranted.
关于乳脂肪球膜 (MFGM) 的研究正在兴起。人们对此产生兴趣有两方面的原因：一方面，它具有独特的三层结构和特定的分泌功能；另一方面，它是含有磷酸和鞘脂以及糖蛋白的成分的基础，这些成分被用作具有有价值功能的食品成分，特别是在婴儿营养方面用作补充剂。这最后一个应用是这篇综述的核心，其目的是帮助理解 MFGM 在适当的免疫、认知和肠道营养发育方面的功能，此外还有其他潜在的影响，如预防心血管疾病、骨代谢受损和炎症、皮肤状况和感染以及与年龄相关的认知能力下降和肌肉流失等疾病。牛乳 MFGM 的磷脂组成与人乳非常相似，尽管由于乳制品加工存在一些差异，但这些差异不会导致化学变化。MFGM 成分被用于改善不同临床研究中的配方，实际上增加了磷脂、鞘脂、糖脂和糖蛋白的含量，从而带来了不同结果（特别是免疫和认知结果）的益处，且没有报告不良反应。然而，MFGM 的确切作用机制仍有待阐明，需要进一步进行基础研究。
